respondeo

Latin

Etymology

From re- +‎ spondeō (“promise”).

Pronunciation

Verb

respondeō (present infinitive respondēre, perfect active respondī, supine respōnsum); second conjugation, limited passive

  1. to reply, answer, respond
    Synonyms: refero, occurro
  2. (figuratively) to measure up
  3. to be present, to appear, attend
  4. to meet or answer (a charge)
  5. (of a sound) to re-echo, resound
  6. to meet, agree, accord or correspond with, conform to, answer for
  7. to make a return, yield

Conjugation
  • The passive voice is limited to third-person forms.
   Conjugation of respondeō (second conjugation, only third-person forms in passive)
indicative singular plural
first second third first second third
active present respondeō respondēs respondet respondēmus respondētis respondent
imperfect respondēbam respondēbās respondēbat respondēbāmus respondēbātis respondēbant
future respondēbō respondēbis respondēbit respondēbimus respondēbitis respondēbunt
perfect respondī respondistī respondit respondimus respondistis respondērunt,
respondēre
pluperfect responderam responderās responderat responderāmus responderātis responderant
future perfect responderō responderis responderit responderimus responderitis responderint
sigmatic future1 respōnsō respōnsis respōnsit respōnsimus respōnsitis respōnsint
passive present — — respondētur — — respondentur
imperfect — — respondēbātur — — respondēbantur
future — — respondēbitur — — respondēbuntur
perfect — — respōnsus est — — respōnsī sunt
pluperfect — — respōnsus erat — — respōnsī erant
future perfect — — respōnsus erit — — respōnsī erunt
subjunctive singular plural
first second third first second third
active present respondeam respondeās respondeat respondeāmus respondeātis respondeant
imperfect respondērem respondērēs respondēret respondērēmus respondērētis respondērent
perfect responderim responderīs responderit responderīmus responderītis responderint
pluperfect respondissem respondissēs respondisset respondissēmus respondissētis respondissent
sigmatic aorist1 respōnsim respōnsīs respōnsīt respōnsīmus respōnsītis respōnsint
passive present — — respondeātur — — respondeantur
imperfect — — respondērētur — — respondērentur
perfect — — respōnsus sit — — respōnsī sint
pluperfect — — respōnsus esset,
respōnsus foret		 — — respōnsī essent,
respōnsī forent
imperative singular plural
first second third first second third
active present — respondē — — respondēte —
future — respondētō respondētō — respondētōte respondentō
non-finite forms active passive
present perfect future present perfect future
infinitives respondēre respondisse respōnsūrum esse respondērī respōnsum esse respōnsum īrī
participles respondēns — respōnsūrus — respōnsus respondendus
verbal nouns gerund supine
genitive dative accusative ablative accusative ablative
respondendī respondendō respondendum respondendō respōnsum respōnsū

1At least one use of the archaic "sigmatic future" and "sigmatic aorist" tenses is attested, which are used by Old Latin writers; most notably Plautus and Terence. The sigmatic future is generally ascribed a future or future perfect meaning, while the sigmatic aorist expresses a possible desire ("might want to").

Derived terms

Descendants
  • Late Latin: respondō (see there for further descendants)
  • → Dutch: responderen

References
  • “respondeo”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
  • “respondeo”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
  • respondeo in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
  • Carl Meißner, Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book‎, London: Macmillan and Co.
    • the rocks re-echo: saxa voci respondent or resonant
    • to return like for like: paria paribus respondere
    • the circumstances are described in language worthy of them: rebus verba respondent
    • to answer questions: ad interrogata respondere
    • to answer to this effect: respondere in hanc sententiam
    • to respond to expectations: exspectationi satisfacere, respondere
    • (ambiguous) to give an oracular response: responsum dare (vid. sect. VIII. 5, note Note to answer...), respondere
    • to fail to answer one's name: ad nomen non respondere (Liv. 7. 4)
    • (ambiguous) to extract an answer from some one: responsum ab aliquo ferre, auferre
    • (ambiguous) to give an oracular response: responsum dare (vid. sect. VIII. 5, note Note to answer...), respondere

Portuguese

Verb

respondeo

  1. Obsolete spelling of respondeu
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