quirito
Latin
Alternative forms
- cirītō (late)
Etymology
Uncertain, perhaps from Latin queror (“to complain”) through the form, though the phonetic and semantic developments are difficult to trace; alternatively, a variant of quirritāre (“to squeal like a pig”), from *quis, an onomatopoeic rendition of squeaking. An ancient folk etymology understood it as "to call for the help of the Quirites," the Roman constabulary. Compare the Frankish *krītan (“to cry out, scream, proclaim”).
Pronunciation
- (Classical) IPA(key): /kʷiˈriː.toː/, [kʷɪˈriːt̪oː]
- (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): /kwiˈri.to/, [kwiˈriːt̪o]
Verb
quirītō (present infinitive quirītāre, perfect active quirītāvī, supine quirītātum); first conjugation
Conjugation
Conjugation of quirītō (first conjugation) | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
indicative | singular | plural | |||||
first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
active | present | quirītō | quirītās | quirītat | quirītāmus | quirītātis | quirītant |
imperfect | quirītābam | quirītābās | quirītābat | quirītābāmus | quirītābātis | quirītābant | |
future | quirītābō | quirītābis | quirītābit | quirītābimus | quirītābitis | quirītābunt | |
perfect | quirītāvī | quirītāvistī | quirītāvit | quirītāvimus | quirītāvistis | quirītāvērunt, quirītāvēre | |
pluperfect | quirītāveram | quirītāverās | quirītāverat | quirītāverāmus | quirītāverātis | quirītāverant | |
future perfect | quirītāverō | quirītāveris | quirītāverit | quirītāverimus | quirītāveritis | quirītāverint | |
passive | present | quirītor | quirītāris, quirītāre |
quirītātur | quirītāmur | quirītāminī | quirītantur |
imperfect | quirītābar | quirītābāris, quirītābāre |
quirītābātur | quirītābāmur | quirītābāminī | quirītābantur | |
future | quirītābor | quirītāberis, quirītābere |
quirītābitur | quirītābimur | quirītābiminī | quirītābuntur | |
perfect | quirītātus + present active indicative of sum | ||||||
pluperfect | quirītātus + imperfect active indicative of sum | ||||||
future perfect | quirītātus + future active indicative of sum | ||||||
subjunctive | singular | plural | |||||
first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
active | present | quirītem | quirītēs | quirītet | quirītēmus | quirītētis | quirītent |
imperfect | quirītārem | quirītārēs | quirītāret | quirītārēmus | quirītārētis | quirītārent | |
perfect | quirītāverim | quirītāverīs | quirītāverit | quirītāverīmus | quirītāverītis | quirītāverint | |
pluperfect | quirītāvissem | quirītāvissēs | quirītāvisset | quirītāvissēmus | quirītāvissētis | quirītāvissent | |
passive | present | quirīter | quirītēris, quirītēre |
quirītētur | quirītēmur | quirītēminī | quirītentur |
imperfect | quirītārer | quirītārēris, quirītārēre |
quirītārētur | quirītārēmur | quirītārēminī | quirītārentur | |
perfect | quirītātus + present active subjunctive of sum | ||||||
pluperfect | quirītātus + imperfect active subjunctive of sum | ||||||
imperative | singular | plural | |||||
first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
active | present | — | quirītā | — | — | quirītāte | — |
future | — | quirītātō | quirītātō | — | quirītātōte | quirītantō | |
passive | present | — | quirītāre | — | — | quirītāminī | — |
future | — | quirītātor | quirītātor | — | — | quirītantor | |
non-finite forms | active | passive | |||||
present | perfect | future | present | perfect | future | ||
infinitives | quirītāre | quirītāvisse | quirītātūrum esse | quirītārī | quirītātum esse | quirītātum īrī | |
participles | quirītāns | — | quirītātūrus | — | quirītātus | quirītandus | |
verbal nouns | gerund | supine | |||||
genitive | dative | accusative | ablative | accusative | ablative | ||
quirītandī | quirītandō | quirītandum | quirītandō | quirītātum | quirītātū |
Descendants
- ⇒ Sardinian: isbirridare, ilbirridare, isghirridare
- Vulgar Latin: *crītāre (disputed; see there for further descendants)
References
- De Vaan, Michiel (2008) Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 509-10
- “quirito”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- “quirito”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
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