protester

English

Alternative forms

Etymology

From protest +‎ -er.

Pronunciation
  • (US) IPA(key): /pɹəˈtɛstəɹ/, /ˈpɹoʊtɛstəɹ/
  • Audio (Southern England)(file)

Noun

protester (plural protesters)

  1. One who protests, either alone or in a public display of group feeling.
    The protesters thronged Trafalgar Square and sang anti-war songs.
    • 2013 June 7, Gary Younge, “Hypocrisy lies at heart of Manning prosecution”, in The Guardian Weekly, volume 188, number 26, page 18:
      The dispatches […] also exposed the blatant discrepancy between the west's professed values and actual foreign policies. Having lectured the Arab world about democracy for years, its collusion in suppressing freedom was undeniable as protesters were met by weaponry and tear gas made in the west, employed by a military trained by westerners.
  2. (law) One who protests a bill of exchange, or note.
    • 1997, Charles Evan Stewart, Transnational Contracts, volume 1, page 96:
      The protester must also draw up an affidavit containing the literal reproduction of the bill with its acceptance, endorsements, guarantee by endorsement ("aval"), and anything else contained in the note […]

Hyponyms

Translations

See also

Anagrams

French

Etymology

Learned borrowing from Latin prōtestārī.

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): /pʁɔ.tɛs.te/
  • protester(file)

Verb

protester

  1. to protest; to object

Conjugation
Conjugation of protester (see also Appendix:French verbs)
infinitive simple protester
compound avoir + past participle
present participle or gerund1 simple protestant
/pʁɔ.tɛs.tɑ̃/
compound ayant + past participle
past participle protesté
/pʁɔ.tɛs.te/
singular plural
first second third first second third
indicative je (j’) tu il, elle, on nous vous ils, elles
(simple
tenses)		 present proteste
/pʁɔ.tɛst/		 protestes
/pʁɔ.tɛst/		 proteste
/pʁɔ.tɛst/		 protestons
/pʁɔ.tɛs.tɔ̃/		 protestez
/pʁɔ.tɛs.te/		 protestent
/pʁɔ.tɛst/
imperfect protestais
/pʁɔ.tɛs.tɛ/		 protestais
/pʁɔ.tɛs.tɛ/		 protestait
/pʁɔ.tɛs.tɛ/		 protestions
/pʁɔ.tɛs.tjɔ̃/		 protestiez
/pʁɔ.tɛs.tje/		 protestaient
/pʁɔ.tɛs.tɛ/
past historic2 protestai
/pʁɔ.tɛs.te/		 protestas
/pʁɔ.tɛs.ta/		 protesta
/pʁɔ.tɛs.ta/		 protestâmes
/pʁɔ.tɛs.tam/		 protestâtes
/pʁɔ.tɛs.tat/		 protestèrent
/pʁɔ.tɛs.tɛʁ/
future protesterai
/pʁɔ.tɛs.tə.ʁe/		 protesteras
/pʁɔ.tɛs.tə.ʁa/		 protestera
/pʁɔ.tɛs.tə.ʁa/		 protesterons
/pʁɔ.tɛs.tə.ʁɔ̃/		 protesterez
/pʁɔ.tɛs.tə.ʁe/		 protesteront
/pʁɔ.tɛs.tə.ʁɔ̃/
conditional protesterais
/pʁɔ.tɛs.tə.ʁɛ/		 protesterais
/pʁɔ.tɛs.tə.ʁɛ/		 protesterait
/pʁɔ.tɛs.tə.ʁɛ/		 protesterions
/pʁɔ.tɛs.tə.ʁjɔ̃/		 protesteriez
/pʁɔ.tɛs.tə.ʁje/		 protesteraient
/pʁɔ.tɛs.tə.ʁɛ/
(compound
tenses)		 present perfect present indicative of avoir + past participle
pluperfect imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle
past anterior2 past historic of avoir + past participle
future perfect future of avoir + past participle
conditional perfect conditional of avoir + past participle
subjunctive que je (j’) que tu qu’il, qu’elle que nous que vous qu’ils, qu’elles
(simple
tenses)		 present proteste
/pʁɔ.tɛst/		 protestes
/pʁɔ.tɛst/		 proteste
/pʁɔ.tɛst/		 protestions
/pʁɔ.tɛs.tjɔ̃/		 protestiez
/pʁɔ.tɛs.tje/		 protestent
/pʁɔ.tɛst/
imperfect2 protestasse
/pʁɔ.tɛs.tas/		 protestasses
/pʁɔ.tɛs.tas/		 protestât
/pʁɔ.tɛs.ta/		 protestassions
/pʁɔ.tɛs.ta.sjɔ̃/		 protestassiez
/pʁɔ.tɛs.ta.sje/		 protestassent
/pʁɔ.tɛs.tas/
(compound
tenses)		 past present subjunctive of avoir + past participle
pluperfect2 imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle
imperative – tu – nous vous –
simple — proteste
/pʁɔ.tɛst/		 — protestons
/pʁɔ.tɛs.tɔ̃/		 protestez
/pʁɔ.tɛs.te/		 —
compound — simple imperative of avoir + past participle — simple imperative of avoir + past participle simple imperative of avoir + past participle —
1 The French gerund is usable only with the preposition en.
2 In less formal writing or speech, these tenses may be found to have been replaced in the following way:
  • past historic → present perfect
  • past anterior → pluperfect
  • imperfect subjunctive → present subjunctive
  • pluperfect subjunctive → past subjunctive

(Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81).

Derived terms

Further reading

Latin

Verb

prōtester

  1. first-person singular present active subjunctive of prōtestor

Middle French

Verb

protester

  1. to claim
    • 1552, François Rabelais, Le Tiers Livre:
      Lucillius, lequel protestoit n'escrire que a ses Tarentins & Consentinois
      (please add an English translation of this quotation)

Conjugation
  • Middle French conjugation varies from one text to another. Hence, the following conjugation should be considered as typical, not as exhaustive.
Conjugation of protester
infinitive simple protester
compound avoir + past participle
present participle1 or gerund2 simple protestant
compound present participle or gerund of avoir + past participle
past participle protesté
singular plural
first second third first second third
indicative ie (i’) tu il, elle nous vous ilz, elles
(simple
tenses)		 present proteste protestes proteste protestons protestez protestent
imperfect protestois, protestoys protestois, protestoys protestoit, protestoyt protestions, protestyons protestiez, protestyez protestoient, protestoyent
past historic protesta protestas protesta protestasmes protestastes protesterent
future protesterai, protesteray protesteras protestera protesterons protesterez protesteront
conditional protesterois, protesteroys protesterois, protesteroys protesteroit, protesteroyt protesterions, protesteryons protesteriez, protesteryez protesteroient, protesteroyent
(compound
tenses)		 present perfect present indicative of avoir + past participle
pluperfect imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle
past anterior past historic of avoir + past participle
future perfect future of avoir + past participle
conditional perfect conditional of avoir + past participle
subjunctive que ie (i’) que tu qu’il, qu’elle que nous que vous qu’ilz, qu’elles
(simple
tenses)		 present proteste protestes proteste protestons protestez protestent
imperfect protestasse protestasses protestast protestassions protestassiez protestassent
(compound
tenses)		 past present subjunctive of avoir + past participle
pluperfect imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle
imperative – tu – nous vous –
simple — proteste — protestons protestez —
compound — simple imperative of avoir + past participle — simple imperative of avoir + past participle simple imperative of avoir + past participle —
1 The present participle was variable in gender and number until the 17th century (Anne Sancier-Château [1995], Une esthétique nouvelle: Honoré d'Urfé, correcteur de l'Astrée, p. 179). The French Academy would eventually declare it not to be declined in 1679.
2 The gerund was held to be invariable by grammarians of the early 17th century, and was usable with preposition en, as in Modern French, although the preposition was not mandatory (Anne Sancier-Château [1995], op. cit., p. 180).

Norwegian Bokmål

Noun

protester m

  1. indefinite plural of protest

Verb

protester

  1. imperative of protestere

Swedish

Noun

protester

  1. indefinite plural of protest
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