peser

French

Etymology

Inherited from Middle French peser, from Old French peser, from Classical Latin pēnsāre, whence also the doublet penser 'think'.

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): /pə.ze/
  • Audio (France, Paris)(file)
  • Rhymes: -e
  • Homophones: pesai, pesé, pesée, pesées, pesés

Verb

peser

  1. (intransitive) to weigh (to have a weight of)
    Je pèse 80 kilos
    I weigh 80 kilos
    1. (computing, intransitive) of a file, to have a given size
    Les pièces jointes doivent peser moins de 8 Mo.
    Attachments must be under 8 megabytes.
  2. (transitive) to weigh (to see how much something weighs)
    Il faut peser les abricots
    You must weigh the apricots
  3. to burden, weigh down
    Ça lui pèse.
    'That weighs on his mind.'

Conjugation

This verb is conjugated like parler, except the -e- /ə/ of the second-to-last syllable becomes -è- /ɛ/ when the next vowel is a silent or schwa -e-, as in the third-person singular present indicative il pèse and the third-person singular future indicative il pèsera.

Conjugation of peser (see also Appendix:French verbs)
infinitive simple peser
compound avoir + past participle
present participle or gerund1 simple pesant
/pə.zɑ̃/
compound ayant + past participle
past participle pesé
/pə.ze/
singular plural
first second third first second third
indicative je (j’) tu il, elle, on nous vous ils, elles
(simple
tenses)		 present pèse
/pɛz/		 pèses
/pɛz/		 pèse
/pɛz/		 pesons
/pə.zɔ̃/		 pesez
/pə.ze/		 pèsent
/pɛz/
imperfect pesais
/pə.zɛ/		 pesais
/pə.zɛ/		 pesait
/pə.zɛ/		 pesions
/pə.zjɔ̃/		 pesiez
/pə.zje/		 pesaient
/pə.zɛ/
past historic2 pesai
/pə.ze/		 pesas
/pə.za/		 pesa
/pə.za/		 pesâmes
/pə.zam/		 pesâtes
/pə.zat/		 pesèrent
/pə.zɛʁ/
future pèserai
/pɛz.ʁe/		 pèseras
/pɛz.ʁa/		 pèsera
/pɛz.ʁa/		 pèserons
/pɛz.ʁɔ̃/		 pèserez
/pɛz.ʁe/		 pèseront
/pɛz.ʁɔ̃/
conditional pèserais
/pɛz.ʁɛ/		 pèserais
/pɛz.ʁɛ/		 pèserait
/pɛz.ʁɛ/		 pèserions
/pɛ.zə.ʁjɔ̃/ or /pe.zə.ʁjɔ̃/		 pèseriez
/pɛ.zə.ʁje/ or /pe.zə.ʁje/		 pèseraient
/pɛz.ʁɛ/
(compound
tenses)		 present perfect present indicative of avoir + past participle
pluperfect imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle
past anterior2 past historic of avoir + past participle
future perfect future of avoir + past participle
conditional perfect conditional of avoir + past participle
subjunctive que je (j’) que tu qu’il, qu’elle que nous que vous qu’ils, qu’elles
(simple
tenses)		 present pèse
/pɛz/		 pèses
/pɛz/		 pèse
/pɛz/		 pesions
/pə.zjɔ̃/		 pesiez
/pə.zje/		 pèsent
/pɛz/
imperfect2 pesasse
/pə.zas/		 pesasses
/pə.zas/		 pesât
/pə.za/		 pesassions
/pə.za.sjɔ̃/		 pesassiez
/pə.za.sje/		 pesassent
/pə.zas/
(compound
tenses)		 past present subjunctive of avoir + past participle
pluperfect2 imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle
imperative – tu – nous vous –
simple — pèse
/pɛz/		 — pesons
/pə.zɔ̃/		 pesez
/pə.ze/		 —
compound — simple imperative of avoir + past participle — simple imperative of avoir + past participle simple imperative of avoir + past participle —
1 The French gerund is usable only with the preposition en.
2 In less formal writing or speech, these tenses may be found to have been replaced in the following way:
  • past historic → present perfect
  • past anterior → pluperfect
  • imperfect subjunctive → present subjunctive
  • pluperfect subjunctive → past subjunctive

(Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81).

Derived terms

Further reading

Anagrams

Middle French

Alternative forms

Etymology

From Old French peser, see below.

Verb

peser

  1. (transitive) to weigh (ascertain the weight of)
  2. (intransitive) to weigh (have a given weight)

Conjugation
  • Middle French conjugation varies from one text to another. Hence, the following conjugation should be considered as typical, not as exhaustive.
Conjugation of peser
infinitive simple peser
compound avoir + past participle
present participle1 or gerund2 simple pesant
compound present participle or gerund of avoir + past participle
past participle pesé
singular plural
first second third first second third
indicative ie (i’) tu il, elle nous vous ilz, elles
(simple
tenses)		 present pese peses pese pesons pesez pesent
imperfect pesois, pesoys pesois, pesoys pesoit, pesoyt pesions, pesyons pesiez, pesyez pesoient, pesoyent
past historic pesa pesas pesa pesasmes pesastes peserent
future peserai, peseray peseras pesera peserons peserez peseront
conditional peserois, peseroys peserois, peseroys peseroit, peseroyt peserions, peseryons peseriez, peseryez peseroient, peseroyent
(compound
tenses)		 present perfect present indicative of avoir + past participle
pluperfect imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle
past anterior past historic of avoir + past participle
future perfect future of avoir + past participle
conditional perfect conditional of avoir + past participle
subjunctive que ie (i’) que tu qu’il, qu’elle que nous que vous qu’ilz, qu’elles
(simple
tenses)		 present pese peses pese pesons pesez pesent
imperfect pesasse pesasses pesast pesassions pesassiez pesassent
(compound
tenses)		 past present subjunctive of avoir + past participle
pluperfect imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle
imperative – tu – nous vous –
simple — pese — pesons pesez —
compound — simple imperative of avoir + past participle — simple imperative of avoir + past participle simple imperative of avoir + past participle —
1 The present participle was variable in gender and number until the 17th century (Anne Sancier-Château [1995], Une esthétique nouvelle: Honoré d'Urfé, correcteur de l'Astrée, p. 179). The French Academy would eventually declare it not to be declined in 1679.
2 The gerund was held to be invariable by grammarians of the early 17th century, and was usable with preposition en, as in Modern French, although the preposition was not mandatory (Anne Sancier-Château [1995], op. cit., p. 180).

Derived terms

Descendants
  • French: peser

References
  • peser on Dictionnaire du Moyen Français (1330–1500) (in French)
  • Godefroy, Frédéric, Dictionnaire de l’ancienne langue française et de tous ses dialectes du IXe au XVe siècle (1881) (peser, supplement)

Old French

Alternative forms

Etymology

From Latin pēnsāre. Doublet of penser 'think'.

Verb

peser

  1. to weigh (have a certain weight)
  2. (figuratively) to be a burden or a worry

Conjugation

This verb conjugates as a first-group verb ending in -er. The forms that would normally end in *-ss, *-st are modified to s, st. This verb has a stressed present stem pois distinct from the unstressed stem pes. Old French conjugation varies significantly by date and by region. The following conjugation should be treated as a guide.

    Conjugation of peser (see also Appendix:Old French verbs)
simple compound
infinitive peser avoir pesé
gerund en pesant gerund of avoir + past participle
present participle pesant
past participle pesé
person singular plural
first second third first second third
indicative jo tu il nos vos il
simple
tenses		 present pois poises poise pesons pesez poisent
imperfect pesoie, peseie, pesoe, peseve pesoies, peseies, pesoes, peseves pesoit, peseit, pesot, peseve pesiiens, pesiens pesiiez, pesiez pesoient, peseient, pesoent, pesevent
preterite pesai pesas pesa pesames pesastes peserent
future peserai peseras pesera peserons peseroiz, pesereiz, peserez peseront
conditional peseroie, pesereie peseroies, pesereies peseroit, pesereit peseriiens, peseriens peseriiez, peseriez peseroient, pesereient
compound
tenses		 present perfect present tense of avoir + past participle
pluperfect imperfect tense of avoir + past participle
past anterior preterite tense of avoir + past participle
future perfect future tense of avoir + past participle
conditional perfect conditional tense of avoir + past participle
subjunctive que jo que tu qu’il que nos que vos qu’il
simple
tenses		 present pois pois poist pesons pesez poisent
imperfect pesasse pesasses pesast pesissons, pesissiens pesissoiz, pesissez, pesissiez pesassent
compound
tenses		 past present subjunctive of avoir + past participle
pluperfect imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle
imperative – tu – nos vos –
— poise — pesons pesez —

Descendants
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