penuh

Indonesian

Etymology

From Malay penuh, from Proto-Malayic *pənuh, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *pənuq, from Proto-Austronesian *pəNuq.

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): /pə.ˈnʊh/
  • Rhymes: -nʊh
  • Hyphenation: pê‧nuh

Adjective

pênuh

  1. full:
    1. containing the maximum possible amount that can fit in the space available.
    2. complete; with nothing omitted.
    3. total, entire.
    4. replete, abounding with.

Derived terms
  • dipenuhi
  • kepenuhan
  • memenuhi
  • pemenuhan
  • sepenuh
  • terpenuh
  • terpenuhi
  • penuh bekat
  • penuh harapan
  • penuh kepala
  • penuh ketakutan
  • penuh padat
  • penuh pekak
  • penuh pekat
  • penuh pepak
  • penuh perut
  • penuh ruah
  • penuh sesak
  • penuh tumpat
  • penuh umpah

References

Malay

Alternative forms
  • ponuh (Sanggau)
  • penoh (Pontianak, pre-1972 standard)

Etymology

From Proto-Malayic *pənuh, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *pənuq, from Proto-Austronesian *pəNuq. Cognate with Tagalog puno and Malagasy feno.

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): /pənuh/, [pənoh]
  • Rhymes: -nuh, -uh

Adjective

penuh (Jawi spelling ڤنوه)

  1. full (containing the maximum possible amount)

Derived terms
Affixed terms and other derivations

Regular affixed derivations:

  • pemenuh [agentive / qualitative / instrumental / abstract / measure] (peN-)
  • pemenuhan [agentive / qualitative / instrumental / abstract / measure + resultative / locative / collective / variety / verbal noun / fruit] (peN- + -an)
  • kepenuhan [abstract / locative] (ke-an)
  • sepenuh [comparability] (se-)
  • penuhkan [causative benefactive] (-kan)
  • penuhi [causative (locative) benefactive] (-i)
  • memenuhkan [agent focus + causative benefactive] (meN- + -kan)
  • memenuhi [agent focus + causative (locative) benefactive] (meN- + -i)
  • dipenuhkan [patient focus + causative benefactive] (di- + -kan)
  • dipenuhi [patient focus + causative (locative) benefactive] (di- + -i)
  • terpenuhi [agentless action + causative (locative) benefactive] (teR- + -i)
  • penuh-penuh [reduplication] (redup)

Irregular affixed derivations, other derivations and compound words:

  • sepenuhnya

Descendants
  • Indonesian: penuh

References
  • Pijnappel, Jan (1875) “ڤنه pĕnoeh”, in Maleisch-Hollandsch woordenboek, John Enschede en Zonen, Frederik Muller, page 64
  • Wilkinson, Richard James (1901) “ڤنه pĕnoh”, in A Malay-English dictionary, Hong Kong: Kelly & Walsh limited, page 476
  • Wilkinson, Richard James (1932) “pĕnoh”, in A Malay-English dictionary (romanised), volume II, Mytilene, Greece: Salavopoulos & Kinderlis, page 245
  • "penuh" in Kamus Dewan, Fourth Edition, Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, →ISBN, 2005.

Further reading
  • “penuh” in Pusat Rujukan Persuratan Melayu | Malay Literary Reference Centre, Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, 2017.
  • Blust, Robert, Trussel, Stephen (2010–) “*peNuq”, in The Austronesian Comparative Dictionary
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