osiemnasty
Polish
| ← 17 | 18 | 19 → |
|---|---|---|
| Cardinal: osiemnaście Ordinal: osiemnasty Adverbial: osiemnastokrotnie Multiplier: osiemnastokrotny Collective: osiemnaścioro Numeral noun: osiemnastka Relational adjective: osiemnastkowy Prefix: osiemnasto- | ||
Alternative forms
- ośmnasty, osmynasty, osmenasty, ośminasty, osmynaście, osimnasty (Middle Polish)
Etymology
From osiemnaście + -y. First attested in 1511–1540.[1] Displaced Old Polish ośmnaćcie. Compare Kashubian òsmënôsti, Masurian ôsziémnásti, Silesian ôśminŏsty, and Slovincian wôsëmnostny.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ɔ.ɕɛmˈnas.tɨ/
- (Middle Polish) IPA(key): /ɔ.ɕɛmˈnas.tɨ/
Audio (file) - Rhymes: -astɨ
- Syllabification: o‧siem‧nas‧ty
Declension
Declension of osiemnasty (hard)
| singular | plural | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| masculine animate | masculine inanimate | feminine | neuter | virile (= masculine personal) | non-virile | |
| nominative | osiemnasty | osiemnasta | osiemnaste | osiemnaści | osiemnaste | |
| genitive | osiemnastego | osiemnastej | osiemnastego | osiemnastych | ||
| dative | osiemnastemu | osiemnastej | osiemnastemu | osiemnastym | ||
| accusative | osiemnastego | osiemnasty | osiemnastą | osiemnaste | osiemnastych | osiemnaste |
| instrumental | osiemnastym | osiemnastą | osiemnastym | osiemnastymi | ||
| locative | osiemnastym | osiemnastej | osiemnastym | osiemnastych | ||
Trivia
According to Słownik frekwencyjny polszczyzny współczesnej (1990), osiemnasty is one of the most used words in Polish, appearing 14 times in scientific texts, 37 times in news, 3 times in essays, 2 times in fiction, and 2 times in plays, each out of a corpus of 100,000 words, totaling 58 times, making it the 1112th most common word in a corpus of 500,000 words.[2]
Declension
Declension of osiemnasty
| singular | plural | |
|---|---|---|
| nominative | osiemnasty | osiemnaste |
| genitive | osiemnastego | osiemnastych |
| dative | osiemnastemu | osiemnastym |
| accusative | osiemnasty | osiemnaste |
| instrumental | osiemnastym | osiemnastymi |
| locative | osiemnastym | osiemnastych |
| vocative | osiemnasty | osiemnaste |
References
- Maria Renata Mayenowa, Stanisław Rospond, Witold Taszycki, Stefan Hrabec, Władysław Kuraszkiewicz (2010-2023) “ośmnasty, osmynasty, osmenasty, ośminasty, [osmynaście]”, in Słownik Polszczyzny XVI Wieku [A Dictionary of 16th Century Polish]
- Ida Kurcz (1990) “osiemnasty”, in Słownik frekwencyjny polszczyzny współczesnej [Frequency dictionary of the Polish language] (in Polish), volume 1, Kraków, Warszawa: Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Języka Polskiego, page 342
Further reading
- osiemnasty I in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
- osiemnasty II in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
- osiemnasty in Polish dictionaries at PWN
- Aleksandra Wieczorek (28.09.2021) “OSIEMNASTY”, in Elektroniczny Słownik Języka Polskiego XVII i XVIII Wieku [Electronic Dictionary of the Polish Language of the XVII and XVIII Century]
- Samuel Bogumił Linde (1807–1814) “osiemnasty”, in Słownik języka polskiego
- Aleksander Zdanowicz (1861) “osiemnasty”, in Słownik języka polskiego, Wilno 1861
- J. Karłowicz, A. Kryński, W. Niedźwiedzki, editors (1904), “osiemnasty”, in Słownik języka polskiego (in Polish), volume 3, Warsaw, page 845
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