munya
See also: munþa
English
Etymology
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Zulu
Etymology
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Inflection
Tone L | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Infinitive | ukumunya | ||||||||
Positive | Negative | ||||||||
Infinitive | ukumunya | ukungamunyi | |||||||
Imperative | |||||||||
Simple | + object concord | ||||||||
Singular | munya | -munye | |||||||
Plural | munyani | -munyeni | |||||||
Present | |||||||||
Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial | ||||
1st singular | ngiyamunya, ngimunya | engimunyayo, engimunya | ngimunya | angimunyi | engingamunyi | ngingamunyi | |||
2nd singular | uyamunya, umunya | omunyayo, omunya | umunya | awumunyi | ongamunyi | ungamunyi | |||
1st plural | siyamunya, simunya | esimunyayo, esimunya | simunya | asimunyi | esingamunyi | singamunyi | |||
2nd plural | niyamunya, nimunya | enimunyayo, enimunya | nimunya | animunyi | eningamunyi | ningamunyi | |||
Class 1 | uyamunya, umunya | omunyayo, omunya | emunya | akamunyi | ongamunyi | engamunyi | |||
Class 2 | bayamunya, bamunya | abamunyayo, abamunya | bemunya | abamunyi | abangamunyi | bengamunyi | |||
Class 3 | uyamunya, umunya | omunyayo, omunya | umunya | awumunyi | ongamunyi | ungamunyi | |||
Class 4 | iyamunya, imunya | emunyayo, emunya | imunya | ayimunyi | engamunyi | ingamunyi | |||
Class 5 | liyamunya, limunya | elimunyayo, elimunya | limunya | alimunyi | elingamunyi | lingamunyi | |||
Class 6 | ayamunya, amunya | amunyayo, amunya | emunya | awamunyi | angamunyi | engamunyi | |||
Class 7 | siyamunya, simunya | esimunyayo, esimunya | simunya | asimunyi | esingamunyi | singamunyi | |||
Class 8 | ziyamunya, zimunya | ezimunyayo, ezimunya | zimunya | azimunyi | ezingamunyi | zingamunyi | |||
Class 9 | iyamunya, imunya | emunyayo, emunya | imunya | ayimunyi | engamunyi | ingamunyi | |||
Class 10 | ziyamunya, zimunya | ezimunyayo, ezimunya | zimunya | azimunyi | ezingamunyi | zingamunyi | |||
Class 11 | luyamunya, lumunya | olumunyayo, olumunya | lumunya | alumunyi | olungamunyi | lungamunyi | |||
Class 14 | buyamunya, bumunya | obumunyayo, obumunya | bumunya | abumunyi | obungamunyi | bungamunyi | |||
Class 15 | kuyamunya, kumunya | okumunyayo, okumunya | kumunya | akumunyi | okungamunyi | kungamunyi | |||
Class 17 | kuyamunya, kumunya | okumunyayo, okumunya | kumunya | akumunyi | okungamunyi | kungamunyi | |||
Recent past | |||||||||
Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial | ||||
1st singular | ngimunyile, ngimunyē | engimunyile, engimunyē | ngimunyile, ngimunyē | angimunyanga | engingamunyanga | ngingamunyanga | |||
2nd singular | umunyile, umunyē | omunyile, omunyē | umunyile, umunyē | awumunyanga | ongamunyanga | ungamunyanga | |||
1st plural | simunyile, simunyē | esimunyile, esimunyē | simunyile, simunyē | asimunyanga | esingamunyanga | singamunyanga | |||
2nd plural | nimunyile, nimunyē | enimunyile, enimunyē | nimunyile, nimunyē | animunyanga | eningamunyanga | ningamunyanga | |||
Class 1 | umunyile, umunyē | omunyile, omunyē | emunyile, emunyē | akamunyanga | ongamunyanga | engamunyanga | |||
Class 2 | bamunyile, bamunyē | abamunyile, abamunyē | bemunyile, bemunyē | abamunyanga | abangamunyanga | bengamunyanga | |||
Class 3 | umunyile, umunyē | omunyile, omunyē | umunyile, umunyē | awumunyanga | ongamunyanga | ungamunyanga | |||
Class 4 | imunyile, imunyē | emunyile, emunyē | imunyile, imunyē | ayimunyanga | engamunyanga | ingamunyanga | |||
Class 5 | limunyile, limunyē | elimunyile, elimunyē | limunyile, limunyē | alimunyanga | elingamunyanga | lingamunyanga | |||
Class 6 | amunyile, amunyē | amunyile, amunyē | emunyile, emunyē | awamunyanga | angamunyanga | engamunyanga | |||
Class 7 | simunyile, simunyē | esimunyile, esimunyē | simunyile, simunyē | asimunyanga | esingamunyanga | singamunyanga | |||
Class 8 | zimunyile, zimunyē | ezimunyile, ezimunyē | zimunyile, zimunyē | azimunyanga | ezingamunyanga | zingamunyanga | |||
Class 9 | imunyile, imunyē | emunyile, emunyē | imunyile, imunyē | ayimunyanga | engamunyanga | ingamunyanga | |||
Class 10 | zimunyile, zimunyē | ezimunyile, ezimunyē | zimunyile, zimunyē | azimunyanga | ezingamunyanga | zingamunyanga | |||
Class 11 | lumunyile, lumunyē | olumunyile, olumunyē | lumunyile, lumunyē | alumunyanga | olungamunyanga | lungamunyanga | |||
Class 14 | bumunyile, bumunyē | obumunyile, obumunyē | bumunyile, bumunyē | abumunyanga | obungamunyanga | bungamunyanga | |||
Class 15 | kumunyile, kumunyē | okumunyile, okumunyē | kumunyile, kumunyē | akumunyanga | okungamunyanga | kungamunyanga | |||
Class 17 | kumunyile, kumunyē | okumunyile, okumunyē | kumunyile, kumunyē | akumunyanga | okungamunyanga | kungamunyanga | |||
Remote past | |||||||||
Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial | ||||
1st singular | ngāmunya | engāmunya | ngāmunya | angimunyanga | engingamunyanga | ngingamunyanga | |||
2nd singular | wāmunya | owāmunya | wāmunya | awumunyanga | ongamunyanga | ungamunyanga | |||
1st plural | sāmunya | esāmunya | sāmunya | asimunyanga | esingamunyanga | singamunyanga | |||
2nd plural | nāmunya | enāmunya | nāmunya | animunyanga | eningamunyanga | ningamunyanga | |||
Class 1 | wāmunya | owāmunya | āmunya | akamunyanga | ongamunyanga | engamunyanga | |||
Class 2 | bāmunya | abāmunya | bāmunya | abamunyanga | abangamunyanga | bengamunyanga | |||
Class 3 | wāmunya | owāmunya | wāmunya | awumunyanga | ongamunyanga | ungamunyanga | |||
Class 4 | yāmunya | eyāmunya | yāmunya | ayimunyanga | engamunyanga | ingamunyanga | |||
Class 5 | lāmunya | elāmunya | lāmunya | alimunyanga | elingamunyanga | lingamunyanga | |||
Class 6 | āmunya | āmunya | āmunya | awamunyanga | angamunyanga | engamunyanga | |||
Class 7 | sāmunya | esāmunya | sāmunya | asimunyanga | esingamunyanga | singamunyanga | |||
Class 8 | zāmunya | ezāmunya | zāmunya | azimunyanga | ezingamunyanga | zingamunyanga | |||
Class 9 | yāmunya | eyāmunya | yāmunya | ayimunyanga | engamunyanga | ingamunyanga | |||
Class 10 | zāmunya | ezāmunya | zāmunya | azimunyanga | ezingamunyanga | zingamunyanga | |||
Class 11 | lwāmunya | olwāmunya | lwāmunya | alumunyanga | olungamunyanga | lungamunyanga | |||
Class 14 | bāmunya | obāmunya | bāmunya | abumunyanga | obungamunyanga | bungamunyanga | |||
Class 15 | kwāmunya | okwāmunya | kwāmunya | akumunyanga | okungamunyanga | kungamunyanga | |||
Class 17 | kwāmunya | okwāmunya | kwāmunya | akumunyanga | okungamunyanga | kungamunyanga | |||
Potential | |||||||||
Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial | ||||
1st singular | ngingamunya | — | ngingamunya | ngingemunye | — | ngingemunye | |||
2nd singular | ungamunya | — | ungamunya | ungemunye | — | ungemunye | |||
1st plural | singamunya | — | singamunya | singemunye | — | singemunye | |||
2nd plural | ningamunya | — | ningamunya | ningemunye | — | ningemunye | |||
Class 1 | angamunya | — | engamunya | angemunye | — | engemunye | |||
Class 2 | bangamunya | — | bengamunya | bangemunye | — | bengemunye | |||
Class 3 | ungamunya | — | ungamunya | ungemunye | — | ungemunye | |||
Class 4 | ingamunya | — | ingamunya | ingemunye | — | ingemunye | |||
Class 5 | lingamunya | — | lingamunya | lingemunye | — | lingemunye | |||
Class 6 | angamunya | — | engamunya | angemunye | — | engemunye | |||
Class 7 | singamunya | — | singamunya | singemunye | — | singemunye | |||
Class 8 | zingamunya | — | zingamunya | zingemunye | — | zingemunye | |||
Class 9 | ingamunya | — | ingamunya | ingemunye | — | ingemunye | |||
Class 10 | zingamunya | — | zingamunya | zingemunye | — | zingemunye | |||
Class 11 | lungamunya | — | lungamunya | lungemunye | — | lungemunye | |||
Class 14 | bungamunya | — | bungamunya | bungemunye | — | bungemunye | |||
Class 15 | kungamunya | — | kungamunya | kungemunye | — | kungemunye | |||
Class 17 | kungamunya | — | kungamunya | kungemunye | — | kungemunye | |||
Immediate future | |||||||||
Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial | ||||
1st singular | ngizomunya | engizomunya | ngizomunya | angizumunya | engingezumunya | ngingezumunya | |||
2nd singular | uzomunya | ozomunya | uzomunya | awuzumunya | ongezumunya | ungezumunya | |||
1st plural | sizomunya | esizomunya | sizomunya | asizumunya | esingezumunya | singezumunya | |||
2nd plural | nizomunya | enizomunya | nizomunya | anizumunya | eningezumunya | ningezumunya | |||
Class 1 | uzomunya | ozomunya | ezomunya | akazumunya | ongezumunya | engezumunya | |||
Class 2 | bazomunya | abazomunya | bezomunya | abazumunya | abangezumunya | bengezumunya | |||
Class 3 | uzomunya | ozomunya | uzomunya | awuzumunya | ongezumunya | ungezumunya | |||
Class 4 | izomunya | ezomunya | izomunya | ayizumunya | engezumunya | ingezumunya | |||
Class 5 | lizomunya | elizomunya | lizomunya | alizumunya | elingezumunya | lingezumunya | |||
Class 6 | azomunya | azomunya | ezomunya | awazumunya | angezumunya | engezumunya | |||
Class 7 | sizomunya | esizomunya | sizomunya | asizumunya | esingezumunya | singezumunya | |||
Class 8 | zizomunya | ezizomunya | zizomunya | azizumunya | ezingezumunya | zingezumunya | |||
Class 9 | izomunya | ezomunya | izomunya | ayizumunya | engezumunya | ingezumunya | |||
Class 10 | zizomunya | ezizomunya | zizomunya | azizumunya | ezingezumunya | zingezumunya | |||
Class 11 | luzomunya | oluzomunya | luzomunya | aluzumunya | olungezumunya | lungezumunya | |||
Class 14 | buzomunya | obuzomunya | buzomunya | abuzumunya | obungezumunya | bungezumunya | |||
Class 15 | kuzomunya | okuzomunya | kuzomunya | akuzumunya | okungezumunya | kungezumunya | |||
Class 17 | kuzomunya | okuzomunya | kuzomunya | akuzumunya | okungezumunya | kungezumunya | |||
Remote future | |||||||||
Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial | ||||
1st singular | ngiyomunya | engiyomunya | ngiyomunya | angiyumunya | engingeyumunya | ngingeyumunya | |||
2nd singular | uyomunya | oyomunya | uyomunya | awuyumunya | ongeyumunya | ungeyumunya | |||
1st plural | siyomunya | esiyomunya | siyomunya | asiyumunya | esingeyumunya | singeyumunya | |||
2nd plural | niyomunya | eniyomunya | niyomunya | aniyumunya | eningeyumunya | ningeyumunya | |||
Class 1 | uyomunya | oyomunya | eyomunya | akayumunya | ongeyumunya | engeyumunya | |||
Class 2 | bayomunya | abayomunya | beyomunya | abayumunya | abangeyumunya | bengeyumunya | |||
Class 3 | uyomunya | oyomunya | uyomunya | awuyumunya | ongeyumunya | ungeyumunya | |||
Class 4 | iyomunya | eyomunya | iyomunya | ayiyumunya | engeyumunya | ingeyumunya | |||
Class 5 | liyomunya | eliyomunya | liyomunya | aliyumunya | elingeyumunya | lingeyumunya | |||
Class 6 | ayomunya | ayomunya | eyomunya | awayumunya | angeyumunya | engeyumunya | |||
Class 7 | siyomunya | esiyomunya | siyomunya | asiyumunya | esingeyumunya | singeyumunya | |||
Class 8 | ziyomunya | eziyomunya | ziyomunya | aziyumunya | ezingeyumunya | zingeyumunya | |||
Class 9 | iyomunya | eyomunya | iyomunya | ayiyumunya | engeyumunya | ingeyumunya | |||
Class 10 | ziyomunya | eziyomunya | ziyomunya | aziyumunya | ezingeyumunya | zingeyumunya | |||
Class 11 | luyomunya | oluyomunya | luyomunya | aluyumunya | olungeyumunya | lungeyumunya | |||
Class 14 | buyomunya | obuyomunya | buyomunya | abuyumunya | obungeyumunya | bungeyumunya | |||
Class 15 | kuyomunya | okuyomunya | kuyomunya | akuyumunya | okungeyumunya | kungeyumunya | |||
Class 17 | kuyomunya | okuyomunya | kuyomunya | akuyumunya | okungeyumunya | kungeyumunya | |||
Present subjunctive | |||||||||
Positive | Negative | ||||||||
1st singular | ngimunye | ngingamunyi | |||||||
2nd singular | umunye | ungamunyi | |||||||
1st plural | simunye | singamunyi | |||||||
2nd plural | nimunye | ningamunyi | |||||||
Class 1 | amunye | angamunyi | |||||||
Class 2 | bamunye | bangamunyi | |||||||
Class 3 | umunye | ungamunyi | |||||||
Class 4 | imunye | ingamunyi | |||||||
Class 5 | limunye | lingamunyi | |||||||
Class 6 | amunye | angamunyi | |||||||
Class 7 | simunye | singamunyi | |||||||
Class 8 | zimunye | zingamunyi | |||||||
Class 9 | imunye | ingamunyi | |||||||
Class 10 | zimunye | zingamunyi | |||||||
Class 11 | lumunye | lungamunyi | |||||||
Class 14 | bumunye | bungamunyi | |||||||
Class 15 | kumunye | kungamunyi | |||||||
Class 17 | kumunye | kungamunyi | |||||||
Past subjunctive | |||||||||
Positive | Negative | ||||||||
1st singular | ngamunya | ngangamunya, angamunya, angangamunya | |||||||
2nd singular | wamunya | wangamunya, awamunya, awangamunya | |||||||
1st plural | samunya | sangamunya, asamunya, asangamunya | |||||||
2nd plural | namunya | nangamunya, anamunya, anangamunya | |||||||
Class 1 | wamunya | wangamunya, akamunya, akangamunya | |||||||
Class 2 | bamunya | bangamunya, abamunya, abangamunya | |||||||
Class 3 | wamunya | wangamunya, awamunya, awangamunya | |||||||
Class 4 | yamunya | yangamunya, ayamunya, ayangamunya | |||||||
Class 5 | lamunya | langamunya, alamunya, alangamunya | |||||||
Class 6 | amunya | angamunya, awamunya, awangamunya | |||||||
Class 7 | samunya | sangamunya, asamunya, asangamunya | |||||||
Class 8 | zamunya | zangamunya, azamunya, azangamunya | |||||||
Class 9 | yamunya | yangamunya, ayamunya, ayangamunya | |||||||
Class 10 | zamunya | zangamunya, azamunya, azangamunya | |||||||
Class 11 | lwamunya | lwangamunya, alwamunya, alwangamunya | |||||||
Class 14 | bamunya | bangamunya, abamunya, abangamunya | |||||||
Class 15 | kwamunya | kwangamunya, akwamunya, akwangamunya | |||||||
Class 17 | kwamunya | kwangamunya, akwamunya, akwangamunya |
References
- C. M. Doke, B. W. Vilakazi (1972) “munya”, in Zulu-English Dictionary, →ISBN: “munya (6.3)”
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