muir

See also: Muir

Irish

Etymology
PIE word
*móri

From Old Irish muir,[1] from Proto-Celtic *mori (compare Welsh môr), from Proto-Indo-European *móri (compare Latin mare, English mere, German Meer, Dutch meer).

Pronunciation

Noun

muir f (genitive singular mara, nominative plural mara)

  1. sea
    Synonym: farraige
    Ní fhanann muir le fear sotail. (proverb)
    Time and tide wait for no man.
    (literally, “The sea doesn’t wait for an arrogant man.”)
  2. (astronomy) mare

Declension
Declension of muir

Third declension

Bare forms:

Case Singular Plural
Nominative muir mara
Vocative a mhuir a mhara
Genitive mara mara
Dative muir mara

Forms with the definite article:

Case Singular Plural
Nominative an mhuir na mara
Genitive na mara na mara
Dative leis an muir

don mhuir

 leis na mara

Derived terms
  • ainmhí mara (“sea-animal”)
  • amharc mara (“seascape”)
  • anfa mara (“storm at sea”)
  • aoibhneas mara agus tíre (“the beauty, enchantment, of sea and land”)
  • ar mhuir na beatha (“on the sea of life”)
  • ar muir (“at sea; on sea”)
  • ar muir agus ar tír (“on sea and land”)
  • ascaill mhara (“an arm of the sea”)
  • barr láin mhara (“high tide; high-water mark”)
  • basán mara (“bass”)
  • bealach mara (“sea route”)
  • beatha mhara (“plankton”)
  • bláth mara (“plumose (sea-)anemone”)
  • bó mhara (“sea-cow, manatee”)
  • caise mhara (“tidal race”)
  • cáitheadh mara (“spindrift”)
  • caonach mara (“sea moss”)
  • caoróg mhara (“sea pink”)
  • cat mara (“catfish; calamity”)
  • cnuasach mara agus tíre (“food gathered from sea and land”)
  • cogadh mara (“naval war(fare)”)
  • coireán mara (“sea campion”)
  • comhrac mara (“sea-fight”)
  • corr mhara (“nestling of gannet”)
  • crosóg mhara (“starfish”)
  • cuán mara (“sea-urchin”)
  • de mhuir agus de thír (“by sea and land”)
  • dobhrán mara (“sea otter”)
  • doingean mara (“sea bass”)
  • dord mara (“murmur of sea”)
  • dreancaid mhara (“sand-hopper”)
  • dul thar muir (“to go overseas”)
  • éalú mara agus trá (“ebb and flow”)
  • éan mara (“seabird”)
  • éanlaith mhara (“sea fowl”)
  • eascann mhara (“conger eel”)
  • feadóg mhara (“(species of) sandpiper”)
  • féar mara (“seagrass”)
  • feighlí mara (“coast watcher, coastguard”)
  • fiach mara (“cormorant”)
  • foghlaí mara (“pirate”)
  • fomhuireán (“submarine”)
  • gaoth mhara (“sea-wind”)
  • géag den mhuir (“arm of the sea”)
  • glac mhara (“inlet of sea, creek”)
  • glaoch na mara (“the call of the sea”)
  • glas (na) mara (“sea-green”)
  • gluaiseacht na mara (“the movement of the sea”)
  • grinneall na mara (“the bottom of the sea”)
  • iar muir (“over sea”)
  • iasc mara (“sea-fish”)
  • imeall mara (“margin of sea”)
  • iolar mara (“white-tailed eagle, sea eagle, erne”)
  • lán mara (“(flood) tide; high tide”)
  • lán mara rabharta (“spring tide (at the full)”)
  • lao mara (“seal, sea calf”)
  • leac mhara (“flat-topped rock in seabed”)
  • léibheann mara (“open expanse of sea”)
  • long mhara (“sea-going ship”)
  • luchóg mhara (“sea-mouse”)
  • maighdean mhara (“mermaid”)
  • meacan mara (“sea-radish”)
  • méan mara (“sea-opening, gulf”)
  • Meánmhuir (“Mediterranean Sea”)
  • méara mara (“Alcyonium palmatum”)
  • meathán mara (“sea rush”)
  • meirleach (na) mara (“skua”)
  • míolta mara agus tíre (“creatures of sea and land”)
  • monghar na mara (“the roar of the sea”)
  • mórmhuir (“open sea”)
  • muc mhara (“porpoise”)
  • Muir Bhailt (“Baltic Sea”)
  • Muir Bhán (“White Sea”)
  • muir bhraonach (“ocean flood, wide ocean”)
  • Muir Bhuí (“Yellow Sea”)
  • Muir Chaisp (“Caspian Sea”)
  • Muir Dhubh (“Black Sea”)
  • Muir Éireann
  • muir ilchríochach (“epeiric sea”)
  • muir intíre (“inland, enclosed, sea”)
  • muir lonn (“angry sea”)
  • Muir Mharbh (“Dead Sea”)
  • Muir Mheann (“Irish Sea”)
  • muir mhór (“open sea, ocean”)
  • Muir Rua (“Red Sea”)
  • muir scairbhe (“epicontinental sea”)
  • muir théachta (“frozen sea; vast amount”)
  • Muir Theas (“South Sea”)
  • Muir Thuaidh (“North Sea”)
  • muirbhealach (“sea route, seaway”)
  • muirbhréid (“dreadnought, fearnought”)
  • muirbhrúcht (“tidal wave; (sea) eruption; invasion (by sea)”)
  • muirchairt (“sea-chart”)
  • muirchath (“sea battle, naval engagement”)
  • muirchumhacht (“sea-power”)
  • muirchur (“(bit of) jetsam”)
  • muirdhreach (“seascape”)
  • muireitleán (“seaplane”)
  • muireolaí (“oceanographer”)
  • muireolaíocht (“oceanography”)
  • muirgha (“harpoon”)
  • muirghalar (“sea-sickness”)
  • muirghéag (“arm of the sea”)
  • muirghlas (“sea-green”)
  • muirí (“marine, maritime”)
  • muiriathrán
  • muiricín (“sea poacher, pogge”)
  • muirín (“scallop”)
  • muirmhíle (“knot”)
  • muirmhúr (“breakwater, mole”)
  • muiroighear (“sea-ice”)
  • muirphictiúr (“seascape”)
  • muirshaothrú (“mariculture”)
  • murlach mara (“halcyon, kingfisher”)
  • nathair mhara
  • nimfeach mhara (“sea-nymph, nereid”)
  • Oileáin Mhuir nIocht (“Channel Islands”)
  • oileán mara (“sea-girt island”)
  • ollphéist mhara (“sea-serpent”)
  • pas mara (“sea-pass”)
  • pearóid mhara (“parrotfish, scarus”)
  • péist mhara (“sea-serpent”)
  • planda mara (“sea-plant”)
  • radharc mara (“seascape”)
  • raic mhara (“wreck of the sea; flotsam and jetsam”)
  • rith mara (“sea-flow; rush of tide”)
  • sábh mara (“sawfish”)
  • saoiste mara (“long swelling wave, roller”)
  • scian mhara (“razor shell, (shell of) razor-clam”)
  • seabhac mara (“sea-hawk, skua”)
  • seol mara (“tidal motion of sea”)
  • sionnach mara (“thresher shark”)
  • slata mara (“sea-rods”)
  • sléibhte mara (“mountainous seas”)
  • sliogán mara (“scallop, seashell”)
  • snáth mara (“(line of seaweed, etc., indicating) high-water mark”)
  • snáthaid mhara (“needle-fish, pipe-fish”)
  • spéirlint mhara (“garfish”)
  • thar muir (“over, beyond, the sea”)
  • toireasc mara (“saw-fish”)
  • tóithíní muca mara (“porpoises”)
  • tonn mhara (“ocean wave”)

Mutation
Irish mutation
Radical Lenition Eclipsis
muir mhuir not applicable
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

References
  1. G. Toner, M. Ní Mhaonaigh, S. Arbuthnot, D. Wodtko, M.-L. Theuerkauf, editors (2019), “muir”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
  2. Sjoestedt, M. L. (1931) Phonétique d’un parler irlandais de Kerry (in French), Paris: Librairie Ernest Leroux, § 136, page 71
  3. Quiggin, E. C. (1906) A Dialect of Donegal, Cambridge University Press, § 110, page 44

Further reading
  • Ó Dónaill, Niall (1977) “muir”, in Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla, Dublin: An Gúm, →ISBN
  • Entries containing “muir” in English-Irish Dictionary, An Gúm, 1959, by Tomás de Bhaldraithe.
  • Entries containing “muir” in New English-Irish Dictionary by Foras na Gaeilge.

Manx

Noun

muir f (genitive singular marrey, plural muiraghyn)

  1. Alternative form of mooir

Mutation
Manx mutation
RadicalLenitionEclipsis
muirvuirunchanged
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every
possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

Old Irish

Etymology

From Proto-Celtic *mori.[1]

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): [murʲ]

Noun

muir n (genitive moro or mora, nominative plural muire)

  1. sea
    • c. 800–825, Diarmait, Milan Glosses on the Psalms, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 7–483, Ml. 81a4
      inna fudumnai in moro
      the depths of the sea
    • c. 800–825, Diarmait, Milan Glosses on the Psalms, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 7–483, Ml. 126a4
      arna té .i. féith forsna muire
      so that it may not go, i.e. a calm over the seas
    • c. 808, Félire Oengusso, June 21; republished as Whitley Stokes, transl., Félire Óengusso Céli Dé: The Martyrology of Oengus the Culdee, Harrison & Sons, 1905:
      Ainle sochla slúagach, fris mbrúchta muir mílach,
      Ainle the famous and hostful, against whom the animal-filled sea bursts forth,

Inflection
Neuter i-stem
Singular Dual Plural
Nominative muirN muirN muireL
Vocative muirN muirN muireL
Accusative muirN muirN muireL
Genitive moroH, moraH moroH, moraH muireN
Dative muirL muirib muirib
Initial mutations of a following adjective:
  • H = triggers aspiration
  • L = triggers lenition
  • N = triggers nasalization

Derived terms
  • muirbolc (“inlet”)
  • mucc mora (“dolphin”)
  • Muir Robur (“the Red Sea”)

Descendants
  • Middle Irish: muir

Mutation
Old Irish mutation
RadicalLenitionNasalization
muir
also mmuir after a proclitic		 muir
pronounced with /ṽ(ʲ)-/		 unchanged
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every
possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

References
  1. Matasović, Ranko (2009) “*mori-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 277

Further reading

Scots

Alternative forms

Etymology

From Middle English more, from Old English mōr, from Proto-Germanic *mōraz.

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): [møːr], [myːr], [meːr], [miːr], [mjuːr]

Noun

muir (plural muirs)

  1. moor
    • 1902, John Buchan, The Outgoing of the Tide:
      This man, so gallant and braw, would never be for her; doubtless the fine suit and the capering horse were for Joan o' the Croft's pleasure. And he, in turn, when he remarked her wan cheeks and dowie eyes, had mind to what the dark man said on the muir, and saw in her a maid sworn to no mortal love.
      (please add an English translation of this quotation)

Derived terms

Scottish Gaelic

Etymology
PIE word
*móri

From Old Irish muir, from Proto-Celtic *mori (compare Welsh môr), from Proto-Indo-European *móri (compare Latin mare, English mere, German Meer, Dutch meer).

Pronunciation

IPA(key): /murʲ/

Noun

muir m or f (genitive singular mara, plural marannan)

  1. sea, ocean
    Lean mi thar na mara thu. ― I followed thee over the sea.
    air muir 's air tìr ― by sea and by land
  2. wave
  3. pl large billows
  4. f worry, discomposure, mental suffering
    Nach ann air a tha a' mhuir an diugh! ― How troubled he is today!
    Tha muir ort an diugh, a Dhòmhnaill. ― You are in the dolours today, Donald.

Usage notes
  • The nominative can be either masculine or feminine, the genitive is usually feminine.
  • muir and cuan are common words for sea and ocean respectively. fairge, on the other hand, is a poetic term that implies the rough sea.

Declension
Declension of muir (type IVa feminine noun)
Indefinite
Singular Plural
Nominative muir marannan
Genitive mara mhar (mharannan)
Dative muir marannan
Definite
Singular Plural
Nominative (a') mhuir (na) marannan
Genitive (na) mara (nam) mar (marannan)
Dative (a') mhuir (na) marannan
Vocative (a) mhuir (a) mhara (mharannan)

Synonyms

Derived terms

Mutation
Scottish Gaelic mutation
Radical Lenition
muirmhuir
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

References
  • Edward Dwelly (1911) “muir”, in Faclair Gàidhlig gu Beurla le Dealbhan [The Illustrated Gaelic–English Dictionary]‎, 10th edition, Edinburgh: Birlinn Limited, →ISBN
  • G. Toner, M. Ní Mhaonaigh, S. Arbuthnot, D. Wodtko, M.-L. Theuerkauf, editors (2019), “muir”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
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