minza
Zulu
Inflection
Tone L | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Infinitive | ukuminza | ||||||||
Positive | Negative | ||||||||
Infinitive | ukuminza | ukungaminzi | |||||||
Imperative | |||||||||
Simple | + object concord | ||||||||
Singular | minza | -minze | |||||||
Plural | minzani | -minzeni | |||||||
Present | |||||||||
Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial | ||||
1st singular | ngiyaminza, ngiminza | engiminzayo, engiminza | ngiminza | angiminzi | engingaminzi | ngingaminzi | |||
2nd singular | uyaminza, uminza | ominzayo, ominza | uminza | awuminzi | ongaminzi | ungaminzi | |||
1st plural | siyaminza, siminza | esiminzayo, esiminza | siminza | asiminzi | esingaminzi | singaminzi | |||
2nd plural | niyaminza, niminza | eniminzayo, eniminza | niminza | animinzi | eningaminzi | ningaminzi | |||
Class 1 | uyaminza, uminza | ominzayo, ominza | eminza | akaminzi | ongaminzi | engaminzi | |||
Class 2 | bayaminza, baminza | abaminzayo, abaminza | beminza | abaminzi | abangaminzi | bengaminzi | |||
Class 3 | uyaminza, uminza | ominzayo, ominza | uminza | awuminzi | ongaminzi | ungaminzi | |||
Class 4 | iyaminza, iminza | eminzayo, eminza | iminza | ayiminzi | engaminzi | ingaminzi | |||
Class 5 | liyaminza, liminza | eliminzayo, eliminza | liminza | aliminzi | elingaminzi | lingaminzi | |||
Class 6 | ayaminza, aminza | aminzayo, aminza | eminza | awaminzi | angaminzi | engaminzi | |||
Class 7 | siyaminza, siminza | esiminzayo, esiminza | siminza | asiminzi | esingaminzi | singaminzi | |||
Class 8 | ziyaminza, ziminza | eziminzayo, eziminza | ziminza | aziminzi | ezingaminzi | zingaminzi | |||
Class 9 | iyaminza, iminza | eminzayo, eminza | iminza | ayiminzi | engaminzi | ingaminzi | |||
Class 10 | ziyaminza, ziminza | eziminzayo, eziminza | ziminza | aziminzi | ezingaminzi | zingaminzi | |||
Class 11 | luyaminza, luminza | oluminzayo, oluminza | luminza | aluminzi | olungaminzi | lungaminzi | |||
Class 14 | buyaminza, buminza | obuminzayo, obuminza | buminza | abuminzi | obungaminzi | bungaminzi | |||
Class 15 | kuyaminza, kuminza | okuminzayo, okuminza | kuminza | akuminzi | okungaminzi | kungaminzi | |||
Class 17 | kuyaminza, kuminza | okuminzayo, okuminza | kuminza | akuminzi | okungaminzi | kungaminzi | |||
Recent past | |||||||||
Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial | ||||
1st singular | ngiminzile, ngiminzē | engiminzile, engiminzē | ngiminzile, ngiminzē | angiminzanga | engingaminzanga | ngingaminzanga | |||
2nd singular | uminzile, uminzē | ominzile, ominzē | uminzile, uminzē | awuminzanga | ongaminzanga | ungaminzanga | |||
1st plural | siminzile, siminzē | esiminzile, esiminzē | siminzile, siminzē | asiminzanga | esingaminzanga | singaminzanga | |||
2nd plural | niminzile, niminzē | eniminzile, eniminzē | niminzile, niminzē | animinzanga | eningaminzanga | ningaminzanga | |||
Class 1 | uminzile, uminzē | ominzile, ominzē | eminzile, eminzē | akaminzanga | ongaminzanga | engaminzanga | |||
Class 2 | baminzile, baminzē | abaminzile, abaminzē | beminzile, beminzē | abaminzanga | abangaminzanga | bengaminzanga | |||
Class 3 | uminzile, uminzē | ominzile, ominzē | uminzile, uminzē | awuminzanga | ongaminzanga | ungaminzanga | |||
Class 4 | iminzile, iminzē | eminzile, eminzē | iminzile, iminzē | ayiminzanga | engaminzanga | ingaminzanga | |||
Class 5 | liminzile, liminzē | eliminzile, eliminzē | liminzile, liminzē | aliminzanga | elingaminzanga | lingaminzanga | |||
Class 6 | aminzile, aminzē | aminzile, aminzē | eminzile, eminzē | awaminzanga | angaminzanga | engaminzanga | |||
Class 7 | siminzile, siminzē | esiminzile, esiminzē | siminzile, siminzē | asiminzanga | esingaminzanga | singaminzanga | |||
Class 8 | ziminzile, ziminzē | eziminzile, eziminzē | ziminzile, ziminzē | aziminzanga | ezingaminzanga | zingaminzanga | |||
Class 9 | iminzile, iminzē | eminzile, eminzē | iminzile, iminzē | ayiminzanga | engaminzanga | ingaminzanga | |||
Class 10 | ziminzile, ziminzē | eziminzile, eziminzē | ziminzile, ziminzē | aziminzanga | ezingaminzanga | zingaminzanga | |||
Class 11 | luminzile, luminzē | oluminzile, oluminzē | luminzile, luminzē | aluminzanga | olungaminzanga | lungaminzanga | |||
Class 14 | buminzile, buminzē | obuminzile, obuminzē | buminzile, buminzē | abuminzanga | obungaminzanga | bungaminzanga | |||
Class 15 | kuminzile, kuminzē | okuminzile, okuminzē | kuminzile, kuminzē | akuminzanga | okungaminzanga | kungaminzanga | |||
Class 17 | kuminzile, kuminzē | okuminzile, okuminzē | kuminzile, kuminzē | akuminzanga | okungaminzanga | kungaminzanga | |||
Remote past | |||||||||
Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial | ||||
1st singular | ngāminza | engāminza | ngāminza | angiminzanga | engingaminzanga | ngingaminzanga | |||
2nd singular | wāminza | owāminza | wāminza | awuminzanga | ongaminzanga | ungaminzanga | |||
1st plural | sāminza | esāminza | sāminza | asiminzanga | esingaminzanga | singaminzanga | |||
2nd plural | nāminza | enāminza | nāminza | animinzanga | eningaminzanga | ningaminzanga | |||
Class 1 | wāminza | owāminza | āminza | akaminzanga | ongaminzanga | engaminzanga | |||
Class 2 | bāminza | abāminza | bāminza | abaminzanga | abangaminzanga | bengaminzanga | |||
Class 3 | wāminza | owāminza | wāminza | awuminzanga | ongaminzanga | ungaminzanga | |||
Class 4 | yāminza | eyāminza | yāminza | ayiminzanga | engaminzanga | ingaminzanga | |||
Class 5 | lāminza | elāminza | lāminza | aliminzanga | elingaminzanga | lingaminzanga | |||
Class 6 | āminza | āminza | āminza | awaminzanga | angaminzanga | engaminzanga | |||
Class 7 | sāminza | esāminza | sāminza | asiminzanga | esingaminzanga | singaminzanga | |||
Class 8 | zāminza | ezāminza | zāminza | aziminzanga | ezingaminzanga | zingaminzanga | |||
Class 9 | yāminza | eyāminza | yāminza | ayiminzanga | engaminzanga | ingaminzanga | |||
Class 10 | zāminza | ezāminza | zāminza | aziminzanga | ezingaminzanga | zingaminzanga | |||
Class 11 | lwāminza | olwāminza | lwāminza | aluminzanga | olungaminzanga | lungaminzanga | |||
Class 14 | bāminza | obāminza | bāminza | abuminzanga | obungaminzanga | bungaminzanga | |||
Class 15 | kwāminza | okwāminza | kwāminza | akuminzanga | okungaminzanga | kungaminzanga | |||
Class 17 | kwāminza | okwāminza | kwāminza | akuminzanga | okungaminzanga | kungaminzanga | |||
Potential | |||||||||
Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial | ||||
1st singular | ngingaminza | — | ngingaminza | ngingeminze | — | ngingeminze | |||
2nd singular | ungaminza | — | ungaminza | ungeminze | — | ungeminze | |||
1st plural | singaminza | — | singaminza | singeminze | — | singeminze | |||
2nd plural | ningaminza | — | ningaminza | ningeminze | — | ningeminze | |||
Class 1 | angaminza | — | engaminza | angeminze | — | engeminze | |||
Class 2 | bangaminza | — | bengaminza | bangeminze | — | bengeminze | |||
Class 3 | ungaminza | — | ungaminza | ungeminze | — | ungeminze | |||
Class 4 | ingaminza | — | ingaminza | ingeminze | — | ingeminze | |||
Class 5 | lingaminza | — | lingaminza | lingeminze | — | lingeminze | |||
Class 6 | angaminza | — | engaminza | angeminze | — | engeminze | |||
Class 7 | singaminza | — | singaminza | singeminze | — | singeminze | |||
Class 8 | zingaminza | — | zingaminza | zingeminze | — | zingeminze | |||
Class 9 | ingaminza | — | ingaminza | ingeminze | — | ingeminze | |||
Class 10 | zingaminza | — | zingaminza | zingeminze | — | zingeminze | |||
Class 11 | lungaminza | — | lungaminza | lungeminze | — | lungeminze | |||
Class 14 | bungaminza | — | bungaminza | bungeminze | — | bungeminze | |||
Class 15 | kungaminza | — | kungaminza | kungeminze | — | kungeminze | |||
Class 17 | kungaminza | — | kungaminza | kungeminze | — | kungeminze | |||
Immediate future | |||||||||
Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial | ||||
1st singular | ngizominza | engizominza | ngizominza | angizuminza | engingezuminza | ngingezuminza | |||
2nd singular | uzominza | ozominza | uzominza | awuzuminza | ongezuminza | ungezuminza | |||
1st plural | sizominza | esizominza | sizominza | asizuminza | esingezuminza | singezuminza | |||
2nd plural | nizominza | enizominza | nizominza | anizuminza | eningezuminza | ningezuminza | |||
Class 1 | uzominza | ozominza | ezominza | akazuminza | ongezuminza | engezuminza | |||
Class 2 | bazominza | abazominza | bezominza | abazuminza | abangezuminza | bengezuminza | |||
Class 3 | uzominza | ozominza | uzominza | awuzuminza | ongezuminza | ungezuminza | |||
Class 4 | izominza | ezominza | izominza | ayizuminza | engezuminza | ingezuminza | |||
Class 5 | lizominza | elizominza | lizominza | alizuminza | elingezuminza | lingezuminza | |||
Class 6 | azominza | azominza | ezominza | awazuminza | angezuminza | engezuminza | |||
Class 7 | sizominza | esizominza | sizominza | asizuminza | esingezuminza | singezuminza | |||
Class 8 | zizominza | ezizominza | zizominza | azizuminza | ezingezuminza | zingezuminza | |||
Class 9 | izominza | ezominza | izominza | ayizuminza | engezuminza | ingezuminza | |||
Class 10 | zizominza | ezizominza | zizominza | azizuminza | ezingezuminza | zingezuminza | |||
Class 11 | luzominza | oluzominza | luzominza | aluzuminza | olungezuminza | lungezuminza | |||
Class 14 | buzominza | obuzominza | buzominza | abuzuminza | obungezuminza | bungezuminza | |||
Class 15 | kuzominza | okuzominza | kuzominza | akuzuminza | okungezuminza | kungezuminza | |||
Class 17 | kuzominza | okuzominza | kuzominza | akuzuminza | okungezuminza | kungezuminza | |||
Remote future | |||||||||
Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial | ||||
1st singular | ngiyominza | engiyominza | ngiyominza | angiyuminza | engingeyuminza | ngingeyuminza | |||
2nd singular | uyominza | oyominza | uyominza | awuyuminza | ongeyuminza | ungeyuminza | |||
1st plural | siyominza | esiyominza | siyominza | asiyuminza | esingeyuminza | singeyuminza | |||
2nd plural | niyominza | eniyominza | niyominza | aniyuminza | eningeyuminza | ningeyuminza | |||
Class 1 | uyominza | oyominza | eyominza | akayuminza | ongeyuminza | engeyuminza | |||
Class 2 | bayominza | abayominza | beyominza | abayuminza | abangeyuminza | bengeyuminza | |||
Class 3 | uyominza | oyominza | uyominza | awuyuminza | ongeyuminza | ungeyuminza | |||
Class 4 | iyominza | eyominza | iyominza | ayiyuminza | engeyuminza | ingeyuminza | |||
Class 5 | liyominza | eliyominza | liyominza | aliyuminza | elingeyuminza | lingeyuminza | |||
Class 6 | ayominza | ayominza | eyominza | awayuminza | angeyuminza | engeyuminza | |||
Class 7 | siyominza | esiyominza | siyominza | asiyuminza | esingeyuminza | singeyuminza | |||
Class 8 | ziyominza | eziyominza | ziyominza | aziyuminza | ezingeyuminza | zingeyuminza | |||
Class 9 | iyominza | eyominza | iyominza | ayiyuminza | engeyuminza | ingeyuminza | |||
Class 10 | ziyominza | eziyominza | ziyominza | aziyuminza | ezingeyuminza | zingeyuminza | |||
Class 11 | luyominza | oluyominza | luyominza | aluyuminza | olungeyuminza | lungeyuminza | |||
Class 14 | buyominza | obuyominza | buyominza | abuyuminza | obungeyuminza | bungeyuminza | |||
Class 15 | kuyominza | okuyominza | kuyominza | akuyuminza | okungeyuminza | kungeyuminza | |||
Class 17 | kuyominza | okuyominza | kuyominza | akuyuminza | okungeyuminza | kungeyuminza | |||
Present subjunctive | |||||||||
Positive | Negative | ||||||||
1st singular | ngiminze | ngingaminzi | |||||||
2nd singular | uminze | ungaminzi | |||||||
1st plural | siminze | singaminzi | |||||||
2nd plural | niminze | ningaminzi | |||||||
Class 1 | aminze | angaminzi | |||||||
Class 2 | baminze | bangaminzi | |||||||
Class 3 | uminze | ungaminzi | |||||||
Class 4 | iminze | ingaminzi | |||||||
Class 5 | liminze | lingaminzi | |||||||
Class 6 | aminze | angaminzi | |||||||
Class 7 | siminze | singaminzi | |||||||
Class 8 | ziminze | zingaminzi | |||||||
Class 9 | iminze | ingaminzi | |||||||
Class 10 | ziminze | zingaminzi | |||||||
Class 11 | luminze | lungaminzi | |||||||
Class 14 | buminze | bungaminzi | |||||||
Class 15 | kuminze | kungaminzi | |||||||
Class 17 | kuminze | kungaminzi | |||||||
Past subjunctive | |||||||||
Positive | Negative | ||||||||
1st singular | ngaminza | ngangaminza, angaminza, angangaminza | |||||||
2nd singular | waminza | wangaminza, awaminza, awangaminza | |||||||
1st plural | saminza | sangaminza, asaminza, asangaminza | |||||||
2nd plural | naminza | nangaminza, anaminza, anangaminza | |||||||
Class 1 | waminza | wangaminza, akaminza, akangaminza | |||||||
Class 2 | baminza | bangaminza, abaminza, abangaminza | |||||||
Class 3 | waminza | wangaminza, awaminza, awangaminza | |||||||
Class 4 | yaminza | yangaminza, ayaminza, ayangaminza | |||||||
Class 5 | laminza | langaminza, alaminza, alangaminza | |||||||
Class 6 | aminza | angaminza, awaminza, awangaminza | |||||||
Class 7 | saminza | sangaminza, asaminza, asangaminza | |||||||
Class 8 | zaminza | zangaminza, azaminza, azangaminza | |||||||
Class 9 | yaminza | yangaminza, ayaminza, ayangaminza | |||||||
Class 10 | zaminza | zangaminza, azaminza, azangaminza | |||||||
Class 11 | lwaminza | lwangaminza, alwaminza, alwangaminza | |||||||
Class 14 | baminza | bangaminza, abaminza, abangaminza | |||||||
Class 15 | kwaminza | kwangaminza, akwaminza, akwangaminza | |||||||
Class 17 | kwaminza | kwangaminza, akwaminza, akwangaminza |
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