makan
Banjarese
Etymology
From Proto-Malayic *makan, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *kaən, from Proto-Austronesian *kaən.
Indonesian
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈma.kan/
- Rhymes: -kan, -an, -n
- Hyphenation: ma‧kan
Etymology 1
Inherited from Malay makan, from Proto-Malayic *makan, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *kaən, from Proto-Austronesian *kaən.
Cognates
Cognate with Pattani Malay ماکٍي (makɛ), Minangkabau makan, Banjarese makan, Iban makai, Urak Lawoi' มากัด (makat), Tagalog kain.
Verb
makan (active memakan, passive dimakan, involuntary/perfective passive termakan)
- to eat
- (transitive) to consume (something solid or half solid, usually food) by putting it into the mouth and swallowing it
- Tadi pagi aku memakan nasi dan ikan.
- This morning I ate rice and fish.
- (intransitive) to consume a meal
- Kita akan makan di rumahnya.
- We will eat at his house.
- (copulative, intransitive) to have a particular quality of diet
- Makan yang sehat. ― Eat healthy.
- (transitive) to destroy, consume, or use up
- (transitive) to consume (something solid or half solid, usually food) by putting it into the mouth and swallowing it
- (not commonly used in medicinal context, transitive) to consume
- Synonym: konsumsi
- (transitive) to chew repeatedly
- Synonym: kunyah-kunyah
- (usually followed by biaya, transitive) to cost (to incur a charge of; to require payment of a (specified) price)
- Synonym: berbiaya
- Pembangunan rumah sakit ini memakan biaya yang banyak.
- The construction of this hospital cost a lot of money.
- (transitive) to take (to consume time)
- Pembangunan sekolah ini memakan waktu yang lama.
- The construction of this school took a long time.
Derived terms
Affixed terms
Compound terms
- makan ampun
- makan angin
- makan arwah
- makan asam garam
- makan ayapan
- makan bawang
- makan bebas
- makan benak
- makan berkancah
- makan berpantang
- makan berulam
- makan besar
- makan biaya
- makan darah
- makan dati
- makan dawai
- makan dedak
- makan diri
- makan duit
- makan emas
- makan gaji
- makan hak
- makan hati
- makan jangat
- makan kawan sendiri
- makan kawat
- makan kerawat
- makan keringat orang
- makan kuli
- makan lewah
- makan malam
- makan mewah
- makan ongkos
- makan pagi
- makan pena
- makan riba
- makan sehat
- makan sekolah
- makan sepinggan
- makan sepuasnya
- makan siang
- makan sogok
- makan suap
- makan sumpah
- makan tali
- makan tanah
- makan tangan
- makan tidur
- makan tulang
- makan uang
- makan upah
- makan waktu
Proverbs with the word makan
- ada sirih hendak makan sepah
- api makan sekam (dedak)
- badak makan anak
- bagai anjing makan muntahnya
- bagai budak-budak makan pisang
- bagai pahat, tidak ditukul, tidak makan
- bodoh-bodoh sepat, tak makan pancing emas
- bukan budak makan pisang
- cakap berlauk(-lauk), makan dengan sambal lada
- kalau guru makan berdiri, maka murid makan berlari
- kenyang (banyak) makan garam
- makan bersabitkan
- makan bubur panas-panas
- makan hati berulam jantung
- makan masak mentah
- makan sudah terhidang, jamu belum jua datang
- makan upas berulam racun
- malu makan, perut lapar
- mengais dulu, maka makan
- mengajar orang tua makan dadih
- minum serasa duri, makan serasa lilin, tidur tak lena, mandi tak basah
- orang tua diajar makan pisang
- pagar makan padi
- pagar makan tanaman
- patah selera, banyak makan
- pipit pekak, makan berhujan
- sakit kepala panjang rambut, patah selera banyak makan
- senjata makan tuan
- seorang makan cempedak, semua kena getahnya
- seorang makan cempedak, semuanya lumus oleh getahnya
- seorang makan nangka, semua kena getahnya
- seperti api makan (di dalam) sekam
- seperti bisai makan sepinggan
- seperti gunting makan di ujung
- seperti toman makan anak
- siapa makan lada, ialah berasa pedas
- siapa yang makan cabai, dialah yang berasa pedas (kepedasan)
- sudah biasa makan emping
- sudah biasa makan kerak
- sudah kenyang makan kerak
- sudah makan, bismilah
- tahu makan, tahu simpan
- tempat makan jangan dibenahi
- tidak makan benang
- tidak makan siku-siku
- tidur tak lelap, makan tak kenyang
Idioms with the word makan
- banyak makan (asam) garam
- makan jangat
- makan keringat orang
- makan siku-siku
- tiada sakit, makan obat
Etymology 2
Clipping of makanan.
Noun
makan
- (figuratively) livelihood (a means of providing the necessities of life for oneself (for example, a job or income))
- Synonym: penghidupan
Further reading
- “makan” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.
- “memakan” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.
Malay
Etymology
From Proto-Malayic *makan, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *kaən, from Proto-Austronesian *kaən.
First attested in the Talang Tuo inscription, 684 AD, as Old Malay [script needed] (mākan) in the form nimākan (current spelling dimakan).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /makan/
- Rhymes: -kan, -an
Verb
makan (Jawi spelling ماکن)
Derived terms
Affixed terms and other derivations
Regular affixed derivations:
- pemakan [agentive / qualitative / instrumental / abstract / measure] (peN-)
- pemakanan [passive / name of profession + resultative / locative / collective / variety / verbal noun / fruit] (pe- + -an)
- makanan [resultative / locative / collective / variety / verbal noun / fruit] (-an)
- memakan [agent focus] (meN-)
- memakankan [agent focus + causative benefactive] (meN- + -kan)
- dimakan [patient focus] (di-)
- dimakankan [patient focus + causative benefactive] (di- + -kan)
- termakan [agentless action] (teR-)
- bermakan [stative / habitual] (beR-)
Irregular affixed derivations, other derivations and compound words:
- makan malam
- makan siang
- makan angin
- makan angkat
- makan bawang
- makan suap
Descendants
- > Indonesian: makan (inherited)
Further reading
- “makan” in Pusat Rujukan Persuratan Melayu | Malay Literary Reference Centre, Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, 2017.
Swedish
Tagalog
Alternative forms
- macan — obsolete, Spanish-based orthography
Etymology
Borrowed from Spanish macan (“bruised”), an inflection of macar (“to bruise”), although according to Manuel (1948), it is supposedly from Macao, due to Noceda & Sanlucar (1860) defining it as "Arroz de tubigan, bueno y oloroso, uno es blanco y otro colorado. Vino la semilla de Macan." and an early account of Fr. Domingo de Salazar (1583) saying that they have located it at "la ysla de Macan, donde viven los Portugueses que estan junto a la ciudad de Cantón, en la China,...".
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /maˈkan/, [mɐˈxan]
- Hyphenation: ma‧kan
Noun
makán (Baybayin spelling ᜋᜃᜈ᜔)
- (botany) a type of aromatic rice (Oryza sativa, sometimes subspecies O. s. indica) grown across the Philippines with a variety of white rice and red rice, often considered as a second-class rice
- (zoology) a species of pig with a savory meat when cooked
Related terms
Further reading
- “makan” at KWF Diksiyonaryo ng Wikang Filipino, Komisyon sa Wikang Filipino, 2021
- “makan”, in Pambansang Diksiyonaryo | Diksiyonaryo.ph, Manila, 2018
- Manuel, E. Arsenio (1948) Chinese elements in the Tagalog language: with some indication of Chinese influence on other Philippine languages and cultures and an excursion into Austronesian linguistics, Manila: Filipiniana Publications, page 40
- Noceda, Fr. Juan José de, Sanlucar, Fr. Pedro de (1860) Vocabulario de la lengua tagala, compuesto por varios religiosos doctos y graves (in Spanish), Manila: Ramirez y Giraudier
Central Dusun
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