lauter
See also: Lauter
English
Etymology
From German lauter (“pure, clear”, adjective).[1] Began to become common in English in the 1880s.[2]
Pronunciation
- (General American) IPA(key): /laʊtɚ/
- (Received Pronunciation) IPA(key): /laʊtə(ɹ)/
Adjective
lauter (not comparable)
- (brewing, of mash, only attributive) Clear.
- 1992, Eric Warner, German Wheat Beer, →ISBN:
- Since the husks and coarse grits are essential for distancing grist particles from one another in the lauter mash, their diminished presence in wheat beer worts will impede the lautering process.
- 2003, Gregory J. Noonan, New Brewing Lager Beer: The Most Comprehensive Book, →ISBN:
- The thin lauter mash is quickly transferred to the tun, given a last thorough stirring, and allowed to settle.
Verb
lauter (third-person singular simple present lauters, present participle lautering, simple past and past participle lautered)
References
- “lauter”, in Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary, Springfield, Mass.: Merriam-Webster, 1996–present.
- See e.g. The Brewer's Guardian of August 30, 1881, page 280, which also notes the German etymology.
German
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈlaʊ̯tɐ/
Etymology 1
From Middle High German lūter (“clean, clear, pure”), from Old High German hlūtar, from Proto-West Germanic *hlūtr.
Adjective
lauter (strong nominative masculine singular lauterer or lautrer, not comparable)
- (formal) sincere; honorable; of integrity; correct
- Synonyms: aufrichtig, ehrenhaft
- Der Angeklagten können lautere Absichten nicht abgesprochen werden.
- The defendant’s honorable intentions cannot be denied.
- (formal, literary, most often of metal) genuine; pure
- (colloquial, uninflected, not comparable) a lot of; a bunch of; much; many; several
Declension
Positive forms of lauter (uncomparable)
number & gender | singular | plural | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
masculine | feminine | neuter | |||
predicative | er ist lauter | sie ist lauter | es ist lauter | sie sind lauter | |
strong declension (without article) |
nominative | lauterer lautrer |
lautere lautre |
lauteres lautres |
lautere lautre |
genitive | lauteren lautren |
lauterer lautrer |
lauteren lautren |
lauterer lautrer | |
dative | lauterem lautrem |
lauterer lautrer |
lauterem lautrem |
lauteren lautren | |
accusative | lauteren lautren |
lautere lautre |
lauteres lautres |
lautere lautre | |
weak declension (with definite article) |
nominative | der lautere der lautre |
die lautere die lautre |
das lautere das lautre |
die lauteren die lautren |
genitive | des lauteren des lautren |
der lauteren der lautren |
des lauteren des lautren |
der lauteren der lautren | |
dative | dem lauteren dem lautren |
der lauteren der lautren |
dem lauteren dem lautren |
den lauteren den lautren | |
accusative | den lauteren den lautren |
die lautere die lautre |
das lautere das lautre |
die lauteren die lautren | |
mixed declension (with indefinite article) |
nominative | ein lauterer ein lautrer |
eine lautere eine lautre |
ein lauteres ein lautres |
(keine) lauteren (keine) lautren |
genitive | eines lauteren eines lautren |
einer lauteren einer lautren |
eines lauteren eines lautren |
(keiner) lauteren (keiner) lautren | |
dative | einem lauteren einem lautren |
einer lauteren einer lautren |
einem lauteren einem lautren |
(keinen) lauteren (keinen) lautren | |
accusative | einen lauteren einen lautren |
eine lautere eine lautre |
ein lauteres ein lautres |
(keine) lauteren (keine) lautren |
Adverb
lauter
- (formal) in a sincere, honorable, correct manner; with integrity
- Die andere Seite hat sich in den Verhandlungen nicht lauter verhalten.
- The other side did not behave correctly during the negotiations.
- (colloquial) just; only; exclusively; often best translated with all
- Die Leute in der Verwaltung sind lauter Idioten.
- Those people in the administration are all idiots.
- Das ist doch lauter Unsinn, was du sagst.
- But that’s just nonsense what you’re saying.
Usage notes
- It is somewhat arbitrary to separate the sense “a lot, a bunch” (see the adjective) from the sense “exclusively, only” (adverb). Both often overlap and are not explicitly distinct in their construction. The distinction uninflected adjective versus adverb has been chosen here for simplicity, that is because the German synonyms and English translations tend to be of the respective parts of speech. — It may be well possible to analyse both senses as either adjectives or adverbs.
Synonyms
Adjective
lauter
- inflection of laut:
- strong/mixed nominative masculine singular
- strong genitive/dative feminine singular
- strong genitive plural
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