khlpʾd

Middle Persian

Etymology

From [script needed] (TBNA, kh /⁠kah⁠/, chaff, straw) + [script needed] (lpʾd- /⁠rubāy-⁠/), present stem of [script needed] (lpwtn' /⁠rubūdan⁠/, to snatch, to rob). Ačaṙean typologically compares Old Armenian սռնակալ (sṙnakal, amber, literally chaff-keeper).

Noun

khlpʾd • (kah-rubāy)

  1. amber

Descendants

  • Persian: کهربا (kahrobâ), کهربای (kahrobây), کهرباء (kahrobâ'), کاهربا (kâhrobâ)
    • Tajik: каҳрабо (kahrabo)
      • Uzbek: qahrabo
    • Adyghe: кӏэхьрэбэ (kʼɛḥrɛbɛ)
    • Arabic: كَهْرَبَاء (kahrabāʔ), كَهْرَمَان (kahramān)
    • Assyrian Neo-Aramaic: ܟܲܗܪܵܒ݂ܵܐ (kahrāḇā)
    • Azerbaijani: kəhrəba
    • Bashkir: гәрәбә (gərəbə)
    • Georgian: ქარვა (karva)
      • Bats: ქარვ (karv)
    • Gujarati: કેરબો (kerbo)
    • Hindustani:
      Hindi: कहरुवा (kahruvā)
      Urdu: کہربا (kahrubā)
    • Malay: kahrab
    • Middle Armenian: քահրիպար (kʻahripar), քարուպայ (kʻarupay), քարուպա (kʻarupa), քարուպար (kʻarupar), քահրիպայ (kʻahripay), քահրապա (kʻahrapa), քահրուբար (kʻahrubar), քահրուպայ (kʻahrupay), քահրուպար (kʻahrupar)
      • Armenian: քահրիբար (kʻahribar), քահրուբար (kʻahrubar), քեհրիբար (kʻehribar), քյա̈րբա̈ր (yärbär), քա̈հրըբար (kʻährəbar); քահրիպար (kʻahripar)
    • Ottoman Turkish: كهربا (kehrüba), كهربار (kehrübar, kehribar, keherbar), كهلبار (kehlübar, kehlibar)
    • Punjabi:
      Gurmukhi script: ਕਹਰੁਵਾ (kahruvā)
      Shahmukhi script: کہربا (kahrubā)
    • Swahili: kaharabu
    • Tatar: гәрәбә (gäräbä)
    • Uyghur: قەھرىۋا (qehriwa)
  • Chinese: 琥珀 (OC *qʰˁraʔ pʰˁrak > MC huoX pʰɣæk > Mandarin hǔpò) (taking Middle Persian as representative for all Middle Iranian languages)
  • Classical Syriac: ܩܗܪܒܝ (qahrḇāy), ܩܗܪܐܒܝ (qhrʾby)

Further reading

  • Ačaṙean, Hračʻeay (1979) “սռնակալ”, in Hayerēn armatakan baṙaran [Armenian Etymological Dictionary] (in Armenian), 2nd edition, a reprint of the original 1926–1935 seven-volume edition, volume IV, Yerevan: University Press, pages 267–268
  • qhrby”, in The Comprehensive Aramaic Lexicon Project, Cincinnati: Hebrew Union College, 1986–
  • MacKenzie, D. N. (1971) “kah-rubāy”, in A concise Pahlavi dictionary, London, New York, Toronto: Oxford University Press, page 48
  • Seidel, Ernst (1908) Mechithar’s, des Meisterarztes aus Her, ‘Trost bei Fiebern’: nach dem Venediger Druck vom Jahre 1832 zum ersten Male aus dem Mittelarmenischen übersetzt und erläutert (in German), Leipzig: Verlag von Johann Ambrosius Barth, pages 146–148
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