kesal
Indonesian
Etymology
Cognate of Javanese ꦏꦼꦱꦼꦭ꧀ (kesel, “tired”), Old Javanese kĕsĕl (“tiredness, fatigue, exhaustion; sad, distressed”).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [kəˈsal]
- Hyphenation: ke‧sal
Conjugation
| Conjugation of kesal (meng-, absolute intransitive, irregular) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Root | kesal | ||||
| Active | Involuntary / Perfective |
Passive | Basic / Imperative |
Jussive | |
| Active | mengesal | terkesal | kesal | kesallah | |
| Locative | mengesali | terkesali | dikesali | kesali | kesalilah |
| Causative / Applicative1 | mengesalkan | terkesalkan | dikesalkan | kesalkan | kesalkanlah |
| Causative | |||||
| Active | memperkesal | terperkesal | diperkesal | perkesal | perkesallah |
| Locative | memperkesali | terperkesali | diperkesali | perkesali | perkesalilah |
| Causative / Applicative1 | memperkesalkan | terperkesalkan | diperkesalkan | perkesalkan | perkesalkanlah |
| 1The -kan row is either causative or applicative, with transitive roots it mostly has applicative meaning. Notes: Some of these forms do normally not exist or are rarely used in standard Indonesian. Some forms may also change meaning. | |||||
Derived terms
- kekesalan
Further reading
- “kesal” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.
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