jova
Catalan
Pronunciation
Derived terms
Further reading
- “jova” in Diccionari de la llengua catalana, segona edició, Institut d’Estudis Catalans.
Zulu
Inflection
Tone L | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Infinitive | ukujova | ||||||||
Positive | Negative | ||||||||
Infinitive | ukujova | ukungajovi | |||||||
Imperative | |||||||||
Simple | + object concord | ||||||||
Singular | jova | -jove | |||||||
Plural | jovani | -joveni | |||||||
Present | |||||||||
Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial | ||||
1st singular | ngiyajova, ngijova | engijovayo, engijova | ngijova | angijovi | engingajovi | ngingajovi | |||
2nd singular | uyajova, ujova | ojovayo, ojova | ujova | awujovi | ongajovi | ungajovi | |||
1st plural | siyajova, sijova | esijovayo, esijova | sijova | asijovi | esingajovi | singajovi | |||
2nd plural | niyajova, nijova | enijovayo, enijova | nijova | anijovi | eningajovi | ningajovi | |||
Class 1 | uyajova, ujova | ojovayo, ojova | ejova | akajovi | ongajovi | engajovi | |||
Class 2 | bayajova, bajova | abajovayo, abajova | bejova | abajovi | abangajovi | bengajovi | |||
Class 3 | uyajova, ujova | ojovayo, ojova | ujova | awujovi | ongajovi | ungajovi | |||
Class 4 | iyajova, ijova | ejovayo, ejova | ijova | ayijovi | engajovi | ingajovi | |||
Class 5 | liyajova, lijova | elijovayo, elijova | lijova | alijovi | elingajovi | lingajovi | |||
Class 6 | ayajova, ajova | ajovayo, ajova | ejova | awajovi | angajovi | engajovi | |||
Class 7 | siyajova, sijova | esijovayo, esijova | sijova | asijovi | esingajovi | singajovi | |||
Class 8 | ziyajova, zijova | ezijovayo, ezijova | zijova | azijovi | ezingajovi | zingajovi | |||
Class 9 | iyajova, ijova | ejovayo, ejova | ijova | ayijovi | engajovi | ingajovi | |||
Class 10 | ziyajova, zijova | ezijovayo, ezijova | zijova | azijovi | ezingajovi | zingajovi | |||
Class 11 | luyajova, lujova | olujovayo, olujova | lujova | alujovi | olungajovi | lungajovi | |||
Class 14 | buyajova, bujova | obujovayo, obujova | bujova | abujovi | obungajovi | bungajovi | |||
Class 15 | kuyajova, kujova | okujovayo, okujova | kujova | akujovi | okungajovi | kungajovi | |||
Class 17 | kuyajova, kujova | okujovayo, okujova | kujova | akujovi | okungajovi | kungajovi | |||
Recent past | |||||||||
Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial | ||||
1st singular | ngijovile, ngijovē | engijovile, engijovē | ngijovile, ngijovē | angijovanga | engingajovanga | ngingajovanga | |||
2nd singular | ujovile, ujovē | ojovile, ojovē | ujovile, ujovē | awujovanga | ongajovanga | ungajovanga | |||
1st plural | sijovile, sijovē | esijovile, esijovē | sijovile, sijovē | asijovanga | esingajovanga | singajovanga | |||
2nd plural | nijovile, nijovē | enijovile, enijovē | nijovile, nijovē | anijovanga | eningajovanga | ningajovanga | |||
Class 1 | ujovile, ujovē | ojovile, ojovē | ejovile, ejovē | akajovanga | ongajovanga | engajovanga | |||
Class 2 | bajovile, bajovē | abajovile, abajovē | bejovile, bejovē | abajovanga | abangajovanga | bengajovanga | |||
Class 3 | ujovile, ujovē | ojovile, ojovē | ujovile, ujovē | awujovanga | ongajovanga | ungajovanga | |||
Class 4 | ijovile, ijovē | ejovile, ejovē | ijovile, ijovē | ayijovanga | engajovanga | ingajovanga | |||
Class 5 | lijovile, lijovē | elijovile, elijovē | lijovile, lijovē | alijovanga | elingajovanga | lingajovanga | |||
Class 6 | ajovile, ajovē | ajovile, ajovē | ejovile, ejovē | awajovanga | angajovanga | engajovanga | |||
Class 7 | sijovile, sijovē | esijovile, esijovē | sijovile, sijovē | asijovanga | esingajovanga | singajovanga | |||
Class 8 | zijovile, zijovē | ezijovile, ezijovē | zijovile, zijovē | azijovanga | ezingajovanga | zingajovanga | |||
Class 9 | ijovile, ijovē | ejovile, ejovē | ijovile, ijovē | ayijovanga | engajovanga | ingajovanga | |||
Class 10 | zijovile, zijovē | ezijovile, ezijovē | zijovile, zijovē | azijovanga | ezingajovanga | zingajovanga | |||
Class 11 | lujovile, lujovē | olujovile, olujovē | lujovile, lujovē | alujovanga | olungajovanga | lungajovanga | |||
Class 14 | bujovile, bujovē | obujovile, obujovē | bujovile, bujovē | abujovanga | obungajovanga | bungajovanga | |||
Class 15 | kujovile, kujovē | okujovile, okujovē | kujovile, kujovē | akujovanga | okungajovanga | kungajovanga | |||
Class 17 | kujovile, kujovē | okujovile, okujovē | kujovile, kujovē | akujovanga | okungajovanga | kungajovanga | |||
Remote past | |||||||||
Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial | ||||
1st singular | ngājova | engājova | ngājova | angijovanga | engingajovanga | ngingajovanga | |||
2nd singular | wājova | owājova | wājova | awujovanga | ongajovanga | ungajovanga | |||
1st plural | sājova | esājova | sājova | asijovanga | esingajovanga | singajovanga | |||
2nd plural | nājova | enājova | nājova | anijovanga | eningajovanga | ningajovanga | |||
Class 1 | wājova | owājova | ājova | akajovanga | ongajovanga | engajovanga | |||
Class 2 | bājova | abājova | bājova | abajovanga | abangajovanga | bengajovanga | |||
Class 3 | wājova | owājova | wājova | awujovanga | ongajovanga | ungajovanga | |||
Class 4 | yājova | eyājova | yājova | ayijovanga | engajovanga | ingajovanga | |||
Class 5 | lājova | elājova | lājova | alijovanga | elingajovanga | lingajovanga | |||
Class 6 | ājova | ājova | ājova | awajovanga | angajovanga | engajovanga | |||
Class 7 | sājova | esājova | sājova | asijovanga | esingajovanga | singajovanga | |||
Class 8 | zājova | ezājova | zājova | azijovanga | ezingajovanga | zingajovanga | |||
Class 9 | yājova | eyājova | yājova | ayijovanga | engajovanga | ingajovanga | |||
Class 10 | zājova | ezājova | zājova | azijovanga | ezingajovanga | zingajovanga | |||
Class 11 | lwājova | olwājova | lwājova | alujovanga | olungajovanga | lungajovanga | |||
Class 14 | bājova | obājova | bājova | abujovanga | obungajovanga | bungajovanga | |||
Class 15 | kwājova | okwājova | kwājova | akujovanga | okungajovanga | kungajovanga | |||
Class 17 | kwājova | okwājova | kwājova | akujovanga | okungajovanga | kungajovanga | |||
Potential | |||||||||
Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial | ||||
1st singular | ngingajova | — | ngingajova | ngingejove | — | ngingejove | |||
2nd singular | ungajova | — | ungajova | ungejove | — | ungejove | |||
1st plural | singajova | — | singajova | singejove | — | singejove | |||
2nd plural | ningajova | — | ningajova | ningejove | — | ningejove | |||
Class 1 | angajova | — | engajova | angejove | — | engejove | |||
Class 2 | bangajova | — | bengajova | bangejove | — | bengejove | |||
Class 3 | ungajova | — | ungajova | ungejove | — | ungejove | |||
Class 4 | ingajova | — | ingajova | ingejove | — | ingejove | |||
Class 5 | lingajova | — | lingajova | lingejove | — | lingejove | |||
Class 6 | angajova | — | engajova | angejove | — | engejove | |||
Class 7 | singajova | — | singajova | singejove | — | singejove | |||
Class 8 | zingajova | — | zingajova | zingejove | — | zingejove | |||
Class 9 | ingajova | — | ingajova | ingejove | — | ingejove | |||
Class 10 | zingajova | — | zingajova | zingejove | — | zingejove | |||
Class 11 | lungajova | — | lungajova | lungejove | — | lungejove | |||
Class 14 | bungajova | — | bungajova | bungejove | — | bungejove | |||
Class 15 | kungajova | — | kungajova | kungejove | — | kungejove | |||
Class 17 | kungajova | — | kungajova | kungejove | — | kungejove | |||
Immediate future | |||||||||
Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial | ||||
1st singular | ngizojova | engizojova | ngizojova | angizujova | engingezujova | ngingezujova | |||
2nd singular | uzojova | ozojova | uzojova | awuzujova | ongezujova | ungezujova | |||
1st plural | sizojova | esizojova | sizojova | asizujova | esingezujova | singezujova | |||
2nd plural | nizojova | enizojova | nizojova | anizujova | eningezujova | ningezujova | |||
Class 1 | uzojova | ozojova | ezojova | akazujova | ongezujova | engezujova | |||
Class 2 | bazojova | abazojova | bezojova | abazujova | abangezujova | bengezujova | |||
Class 3 | uzojova | ozojova | uzojova | awuzujova | ongezujova | ungezujova | |||
Class 4 | izojova | ezojova | izojova | ayizujova | engezujova | ingezujova | |||
Class 5 | lizojova | elizojova | lizojova | alizujova | elingezujova | lingezujova | |||
Class 6 | azojova | azojova | ezojova | awazujova | angezujova | engezujova | |||
Class 7 | sizojova | esizojova | sizojova | asizujova | esingezujova | singezujova | |||
Class 8 | zizojova | ezizojova | zizojova | azizujova | ezingezujova | zingezujova | |||
Class 9 | izojova | ezojova | izojova | ayizujova | engezujova | ingezujova | |||
Class 10 | zizojova | ezizojova | zizojova | azizujova | ezingezujova | zingezujova | |||
Class 11 | luzojova | oluzojova | luzojova | aluzujova | olungezujova | lungezujova | |||
Class 14 | buzojova | obuzojova | buzojova | abuzujova | obungezujova | bungezujova | |||
Class 15 | kuzojova | okuzojova | kuzojova | akuzujova | okungezujova | kungezujova | |||
Class 17 | kuzojova | okuzojova | kuzojova | akuzujova | okungezujova | kungezujova | |||
Remote future | |||||||||
Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial | ||||
1st singular | ngiyojova | engiyojova | ngiyojova | angiyujova | engingeyujova | ngingeyujova | |||
2nd singular | uyojova | oyojova | uyojova | awuyujova | ongeyujova | ungeyujova | |||
1st plural | siyojova | esiyojova | siyojova | asiyujova | esingeyujova | singeyujova | |||
2nd plural | niyojova | eniyojova | niyojova | aniyujova | eningeyujova | ningeyujova | |||
Class 1 | uyojova | oyojova | eyojova | akayujova | ongeyujova | engeyujova | |||
Class 2 | bayojova | abayojova | beyojova | abayujova | abangeyujova | bengeyujova | |||
Class 3 | uyojova | oyojova | uyojova | awuyujova | ongeyujova | ungeyujova | |||
Class 4 | iyojova | eyojova | iyojova | ayiyujova | engeyujova | ingeyujova | |||
Class 5 | liyojova | eliyojova | liyojova | aliyujova | elingeyujova | lingeyujova | |||
Class 6 | ayojova | ayojova | eyojova | awayujova | angeyujova | engeyujova | |||
Class 7 | siyojova | esiyojova | siyojova | asiyujova | esingeyujova | singeyujova | |||
Class 8 | ziyojova | eziyojova | ziyojova | aziyujova | ezingeyujova | zingeyujova | |||
Class 9 | iyojova | eyojova | iyojova | ayiyujova | engeyujova | ingeyujova | |||
Class 10 | ziyojova | eziyojova | ziyojova | aziyujova | ezingeyujova | zingeyujova | |||
Class 11 | luyojova | oluyojova | luyojova | aluyujova | olungeyujova | lungeyujova | |||
Class 14 | buyojova | obuyojova | buyojova | abuyujova | obungeyujova | bungeyujova | |||
Class 15 | kuyojova | okuyojova | kuyojova | akuyujova | okungeyujova | kungeyujova | |||
Class 17 | kuyojova | okuyojova | kuyojova | akuyujova | okungeyujova | kungeyujova | |||
Present subjunctive | |||||||||
Positive | Negative | ||||||||
1st singular | ngijove | ngingajovi | |||||||
2nd singular | ujove | ungajovi | |||||||
1st plural | sijove | singajovi | |||||||
2nd plural | nijove | ningajovi | |||||||
Class 1 | ajove | angajovi | |||||||
Class 2 | bajove | bangajovi | |||||||
Class 3 | ujove | ungajovi | |||||||
Class 4 | ijove | ingajovi | |||||||
Class 5 | lijove | lingajovi | |||||||
Class 6 | ajove | angajovi | |||||||
Class 7 | sijove | singajovi | |||||||
Class 8 | zijove | zingajovi | |||||||
Class 9 | ijove | ingajovi | |||||||
Class 10 | zijove | zingajovi | |||||||
Class 11 | lujove | lungajovi | |||||||
Class 14 | bujove | bungajovi | |||||||
Class 15 | kujove | kungajovi | |||||||
Class 17 | kujove | kungajovi | |||||||
Past subjunctive | |||||||||
Positive | Negative | ||||||||
1st singular | ngajova | ngangajova, angajova, angangajova | |||||||
2nd singular | wajova | wangajova, awajova, awangajova | |||||||
1st plural | sajova | sangajova, asajova, asangajova | |||||||
2nd plural | najova | nangajova, anajova, anangajova | |||||||
Class 1 | wajova | wangajova, akajova, akangajova | |||||||
Class 2 | bajova | bangajova, abajova, abangajova | |||||||
Class 3 | wajova | wangajova, awajova, awangajova | |||||||
Class 4 | yajova | yangajova, ayajova, ayangajova | |||||||
Class 5 | lajova | langajova, alajova, alangajova | |||||||
Class 6 | ajova | angajova, awajova, awangajova | |||||||
Class 7 | sajova | sangajova, asajova, asangajova | |||||||
Class 8 | zajova | zangajova, azajova, azangajova | |||||||
Class 9 | yajova | yangajova, ayajova, ayangajova | |||||||
Class 10 | zajova | zangajova, azajova, azangajova | |||||||
Class 11 | lwajova | lwangajova, alwajova, alwangajova | |||||||
Class 14 | bajova | bangajova, abajova, abangajova | |||||||
Class 15 | kwajova | kwangajova, akwajova, akwangajova | |||||||
Class 17 | kwajova | kwangajova, akwajova, akwangajova |
References
- C. M. Doke, B. W. Vilakazi (1972) “jova”, in Zulu-English Dictionary, →ISBN: “jova (6.3)”
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