jednak
Kashubian
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈjɛdnak/
- Syllabification: jed‧nak
Further reading
- Stefan Ramułt (1893) “jednak”, in Słownik języka pomorskiego czyli kaszubskiego (in Kashubian), page 61
- Eùgeniusz Gòłąbk (2011) “jednak”, in Słownik Polsko-Kaszubski / Słowôrz Pòlskò-Kaszëbsczi
- “jednak”, in Internetowi Słowôrz Kaszëbsczégò Jãzëka [Internet Dictionary of the Kashubian Language], Fundacja Kaszuby, 2022
Masurian
Alternative forms
- jenak
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [ˈjɛdnak]
- Syllabification: jed‧nak
Polish
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈjɛd.nak/
- (Middle Polish) IPA(key): /ˈjɛd.nak/
Audio (file) - Rhymes: -ɛdnak
- Syllabification: jed‧nak
Conjunction
jednak
- however
- (Middle Polish) The meaning of this term is uncertain.
- 1564, J. Mączyński, Lexicon, page 439b:
- Tamen coniunctio, Wſzákże/ yednák wżdy.
- 1564, J. Mączyński, Lexicon, page 439b:
- tu tamen perge ut coepisti, Ty yednák pochadzay przedſię yákoś pocżął.
- 1564, J. Mączyński, Lexicon, page 489a:
- Verum coniunctio, Ale/ wżdy/ yednák.
Particle
jednak
- expressing an unexpected situation; after all
- Szef powiedział, że jednak musimy przyjść do biura jutro. ― The boss said that we have to come in to the office tomorrow after all.
- (Middle Polish) indeed, really, actually
- Synonyms: naprawdę, rzeczywiście, zaprawdę
- (Middle Polish) unfortunately
- Synonym: niestety
- (Middle Polish) at least
- Synonym: przynajmniej
- (Middle Polish) The meaning of this term is uncertain.
- 1564, J. Mączyński, Lexicon, page 9a:
- Anantapodoton, […] Niezupełne wyrzeczenie słów/ które yednák máyą być rozumiáne.
- 1564, J. Mączyński, Lexicon, page 73d:
- Currentem incitare, Nápomináć tego/ ktory yednák doſyć z ſiebie czini.
- 1564, J. Mączyński, Lexicon, page 509c:
- Vti Yáko gdy. Vtique, Yednak.
- 1588, A. Calepinus, Dictionarium decem linguarum, page 111a:
- Attamen ‒ Wſzakze. Iednak
Adverb
jednak (not comparable)
- (Middle Polish) identically
- (Middle Polish) unchangingly
- Synonym: niezmiennie
Trivia
According to Słownik frekwencyjny polszczyzny współczesnej (1990), jednak is one of the most used words in Polish, appearing 209 times in scientific texts, 76 times in news, 173 times in essays, 129 times in fiction, and 81 times in plays, each out of a corpus of 100,000 words, totaling 668 times, making it the 69th most common word in a corpus of 500,000 words.[4]
References
- Sławski, Franciszek (1958-1965) “jednak”, in Jan Safarewicz, Andrzej Siudut, editors, Słownik etymologiczny języka polskiego [Etymological dictionary of the Polish language] (in Polish), Kraków: Towarzystwo Miłośników Języka Polskiego
- Bańkowski, Andrzej (2000) “jednak”, in Etymologiczny słownik języka polskiego [Etymological Dictionary of the Polish Language] (in Polish)
- Maria Renata Mayenowa, Stanisław Rospond, Witold Taszycki, Stefan Hrabec, Władysław Kuraszkiewicz (2010-2023) “jednak”, in Słownik Polszczyzny XVI Wieku [A Dictionary of 16th Century Polish]
- Ida Kurcz (1990) “jednak”, in Słownik frekwencyjny polszczyzny współczesnej [Frequency dictionary of the Polish language] (in Polish), volume 1, Kraków, Warszawa: Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Języka Polskiego, page 163
Further reading
- jednak in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
- jednak in Polish dictionaries at PWN
- “JEDNAK”, in Elektroniczny Słownik Języka Polskiego XVII i XVIII Wieku [Electronic Dictionary of the Polish Language of the XVII and XVIII Century], 2011 March 2
- Samuel Bogumił Linde (1807–1814) “jednak”, in Słownik języka polskiego
- Aleksander Zdanowicz (1861) “jednak”, in Słownik języka polskiego, Wilno 1861
- J. Karłowicz, A. Kryński, W. Niedźwiedzki, editors (1902), “jednak”, in Słownik języka polskiego (in Polish), volume 2, Warsaw, page 154
Serbo-Croatian
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /jêdnaːk/
- Hyphenation: jed‧nak
Adjective
Declension
indefinite forms
| singular | masculine | feminine | neuter | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | jednak | jednaka | jednako | |
| genitive | jednaka | jednake | jednaka | |
| dative | jednaku | jednakoj | jednaku | |
| accusative | inanimate animate |
jednak jednaka |
jednaku | jednako |
| vocative | jednak | jednaka | jednako | |
| locative | jednaku | jednakoj | jednaku | |
| instrumental | jednakim | jednakom | jednakim | |
| plural | masculine | feminine | neuter | |
| nominative | jednaki | jednake | jednaka | |
| genitive | jednakih | jednakih | jednakih | |
| dative | jednakim(a) | jednakim(a) | jednakim(a) | |
| accusative | jednake | jednake | jednaka | |
| vocative | jednaki | jednake | jednaka | |
| locative | jednakim(a) | jednakim(a) | jednakim(a) | |
| instrumental | jednakim(a) | jednakim(a) | jednakim(a) | |
definite forms
| singular | masculine | feminine | neuter | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | jednaki | jednaka | jednako | |
| genitive | jednakog(a) | jednake | jednakog(a) | |
| dative | jednakom(u/e) | jednakoj | jednakom(u/e) | |
| accusative | inanimate animate |
jednaki jednakog(a) |
jednaku | jednako |
| vocative | jednaki | jednaka | jednako | |
| locative | jednakom(e/u) | jednakoj | jednakom(e/u) | |
| instrumental | jednakim | jednakom | jednakim | |
| plural | masculine | feminine | neuter | |
| nominative | jednaki | jednake | jednaka | |
| genitive | jednakih | jednakih | jednakih | |
| dative | jednakim(a) | jednakim(a) | jednakim(a) | |
| accusative | jednake | jednake | jednaka | |
| vocative | jednaki | jednake | jednaka | |
| locative | jednakim(a) | jednakim(a) | jednakim(a) | |
| instrumental | jednakim(a) | jednakim(a) | jednakim(a) | |
Silesian
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈjɛdnak/
- Rhymes: -ɛdnak
- Syllabification: jed‧nak
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