incarner

French

Etymology

Borrowed from Ecclesiastical Latin, Late Latin incarnāre, from Latin carō. Cf. also the Old French form encharner.

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): /ɛ̃.kaʁ.ne/
  • Audio(file)

Verb

incarner

  1. (religion) to incarnate
  2. to embody, to personify
  3. (theater) to play (act as a certain character)
  4. (reflexive) to ingrow (become ingrown) (of a toenail or fingernail)

Conjugation
Conjugation of incarner (see also Appendix:French verbs)
infinitive simple incarner
compound avoir + past participle
present participle or gerund1 simple incarnant
/ɛ̃.kaʁ.nɑ̃/
compound ayant + past participle
past participle incarné
/ɛ̃.kaʁ.ne/
singular plural
first second third first second third
indicative je (j’) tu il, elle, on nous vous ils, elles
(simple
tenses)		 present incarne
/ɛ̃.kaʁn/		 incarnes
/ɛ̃.kaʁn/		 incarne
/ɛ̃.kaʁn/		 incarnons
/ɛ̃.kaʁ.nɔ̃/		 incarnez
/ɛ̃.kaʁ.ne/		 incarnent
/ɛ̃.kaʁn/
imperfect incarnais
/ɛ̃.kaʁ.nɛ/		 incarnais
/ɛ̃.kaʁ.nɛ/		 incarnait
/ɛ̃.kaʁ.nɛ/		 incarnions
/ɛ̃.kaʁ.njɔ̃/		 incarniez
/ɛ̃.kaʁ.nje/		 incarnaient
/ɛ̃.kaʁ.nɛ/
past historic2 incarnai
/ɛ̃.kaʁ.ne/		 incarnas
/ɛ̃.kaʁ.na/		 incarna
/ɛ̃.kaʁ.na/		 incarnâmes
/ɛ̃.kaʁ.nam/		 incarnâtes
/ɛ̃.kaʁ.nat/		 incarnèrent
/ɛ̃.kaʁ.nɛʁ/
future incarnerai
/ɛ̃.kaʁ.nə.ʁe/		 incarneras
/ɛ̃.kaʁ.nə.ʁa/		 incarnera
/ɛ̃.kaʁ.nə.ʁa/		 incarnerons
/ɛ̃.kaʁ.nə.ʁɔ̃/		 incarnerez
/ɛ̃.kaʁ.nə.ʁe/		 incarneront
/ɛ̃.kaʁ.nə.ʁɔ̃/
conditional incarnerais
/ɛ̃.kaʁ.nə.ʁɛ/		 incarnerais
/ɛ̃.kaʁ.nə.ʁɛ/		 incarnerait
/ɛ̃.kaʁ.nə.ʁɛ/		 incarnerions
/ɛ̃.kaʁ.nə.ʁjɔ̃/		 incarneriez
/ɛ̃.kaʁ.nə.ʁje/		 incarneraient
/ɛ̃.kaʁ.nə.ʁɛ/
(compound
tenses)		 present perfect present indicative of avoir + past participle
pluperfect imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle
past anterior2 past historic of avoir + past participle
future perfect future of avoir + past participle
conditional perfect conditional of avoir + past participle
subjunctive que je (j’) que tu qu’il, qu’elle que nous que vous qu’ils, qu’elles
(simple
tenses)		 present incarne
/ɛ̃.kaʁn/		 incarnes
/ɛ̃.kaʁn/		 incarne
/ɛ̃.kaʁn/		 incarnions
/ɛ̃.kaʁ.njɔ̃/		 incarniez
/ɛ̃.kaʁ.nje/		 incarnent
/ɛ̃.kaʁn/
imperfect2 incarnasse
/ɛ̃.kaʁ.nas/		 incarnasses
/ɛ̃.kaʁ.nas/		 incarnât
/ɛ̃.kaʁ.na/		 incarnassions
/ɛ̃.kaʁ.na.sjɔ̃/		 incarnassiez
/ɛ̃.kaʁ.na.sje/		 incarnassent
/ɛ̃.kaʁ.nas/
(compound
tenses)		 past present subjunctive of avoir + past participle
pluperfect2 imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle
imperative – tu – nous vous –
simple — incarne
/ɛ̃.kaʁn/		 — incarnons
/ɛ̃.kaʁ.nɔ̃/		 incarnez
/ɛ̃.kaʁ.ne/		 —
compound — simple imperative of avoir + past participle — simple imperative of avoir + past participle simple imperative of avoir + past participle —
1 The French gerund is usable only with the preposition en.
2 In less formal writing or speech, these tenses may be found to have been replaced in the following way:
  • past historic → present perfect
  • past anterior → pluperfect
  • imperfect subjunctive → present subjunctive
  • pluperfect subjunctive → past subjunctive

(Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81).

Descendants
  • → Turkish: enkarne (via past participle)

Further reading

Latin

Verb

incarner

  1. first-person singular present passive subjunctive of incarnō
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