hukkua
Finnish
Etymology
From Proto-Finnic *hukkudak. Equivalent to hukka- (“loss; being misplaced”) + -ua.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈhukːuɑˣ/, [ˈhukːuɑ̝(ʔ)]
- Rhymes: -ukːuɑ
- Syllabification(key): huk‧ku‧a
Verb
hukkua
- (intransitive) to drown
- Kärpänen hukkui juomaani. ― A fly drowned in my drink.
- (intransitive) to get lost
- (intransitive, biblical) to perish
- 1933/1938, Pyhä Raamattu [The Holy Bible], Helsinki: Suomen Pipliaseura, Evankeliumi Johanneksen mukaan (John) 3:16:
- Sillä niin on Jumala maailmaa rakastanut, että hän antoi ainokaisen Poikansa, ettei yksikään, joka häneen uskoo, hukkuisi, vaan hänellä olisi iankaikkinen elämä.
- For God so loved the world, that he gave his only begotten Son, that whosoever believeth in him should not perish, but have everlasting life.
Usage notes
- hukkua takes the illative (or, with some words, allative) case for location, i.e. answers the question "where ... to?" instead of "where?".
- The elative (or, in some cases, ablative) case is used with etsiä, löytyä, löytää, lukea and kuulla. (i.e. "where ... from?" instead of "where?").
- The illative (or, in some cases, allative) case is used with saapua, eksyä, eksyttää, jäädä, jättää, hukkua, hukata, kadota, kadottaa, hävitä, hävittää and rakentaa. (i.e. "where ... to?" instead of "where?")
- Lapsi hukkui metsään.
- A child got lost in (lit. into) the forest.
Conjugation
| Inflection of hukkua (Kotus type 52*A/sanoa, kk-k gradation) | |||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| indicative mood | |||||||||||||||||||||
| present tense | perfect | ||||||||||||||||||||
| person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | ||||||||||||||||
| 1st sing. | hukun | en huku | 1st sing. | olen hukkunut | en ole hukkunut | ||||||||||||||||
| 2nd sing. | hukut | et huku | 2nd sing. | olet hukkunut | et ole hukkunut | ||||||||||||||||
| 3rd sing. | hukkuu | ei huku | 3rd sing. | on hukkunut | ei ole hukkunut | ||||||||||||||||
| 1st plur. | hukumme | emme huku | 1st plur. | olemme hukkuneet | emme ole hukkuneet | ||||||||||||||||
| 2nd plur. | hukutte | ette huku | 2nd plur. | olette hukkuneet | ette ole hukkuneet | ||||||||||||||||
| 3rd plur. | hukkuvat | eivät huku | 3rd plur. | ovat hukkuneet | eivät ole hukkuneet | ||||||||||||||||
| passive | hukutaan | ei hukuta | passive | on hukuttu | ei ole hukuttu | ||||||||||||||||
| past tense | pluperfect | ||||||||||||||||||||
| person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | ||||||||||||||||
| 1st sing. | hukuin | en hukkunut | 1st sing. | olin hukkunut | en ollut hukkunut | ||||||||||||||||
| 2nd sing. | hukuit | et hukkunut | 2nd sing. | olit hukkunut | et ollut hukkunut | ||||||||||||||||
| 3rd sing. | hukkui | ei hukkunut | 3rd sing. | oli hukkunut | ei ollut hukkunut | ||||||||||||||||
| 1st plur. | hukuimme | emme hukkuneet | 1st plur. | olimme hukkuneet | emme olleet hukkuneet | ||||||||||||||||
| 2nd plur. | hukuitte | ette hukkuneet | 2nd plur. | olitte hukkuneet | ette olleet hukkuneet | ||||||||||||||||
| 3rd plur. | hukkuivat | eivät hukkuneet | 3rd plur. | olivat hukkuneet | eivät olleet hukkuneet | ||||||||||||||||
| passive | hukuttiin | ei hukuttu | passive | oli hukuttu | ei ollut hukuttu | ||||||||||||||||
| conditional mood | |||||||||||||||||||||
| present | perfect | ||||||||||||||||||||
| person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | ||||||||||||||||
| 1st sing. | hukkuisin | en hukkuisi | 1st sing. | olisin hukkunut | en olisi hukkunut | ||||||||||||||||
| 2nd sing. | hukkuisit | et hukkuisi | 2nd sing. | olisit hukkunut | et olisi hukkunut | ||||||||||||||||
| 3rd sing. | hukkuisi | ei hukkuisi | 3rd sing. | olisi hukkunut | ei olisi hukkunut | ||||||||||||||||
| 1st plur. | hukkuisimme | emme hukkuisi | 1st plur. | olisimme hukkuneet | emme olisi hukkuneet | ||||||||||||||||
| 2nd plur. | hukkuisitte | ette hukkuisi | 2nd plur. | olisitte hukkuneet | ette olisi hukkuneet | ||||||||||||||||
| 3rd plur. | hukkuisivat | eivät hukkuisi | 3rd plur. | olisivat hukkuneet | eivät olisi hukkuneet | ||||||||||||||||
| passive | hukuttaisiin | ei hukuttaisi | passive | olisi hukuttu | ei olisi hukuttu | ||||||||||||||||
| imperative mood | |||||||||||||||||||||
| present | perfect | ||||||||||||||||||||
| person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | ||||||||||||||||
| 1st sing. | — | — | 1st sing. | — | — | ||||||||||||||||
| 2nd sing. | huku | älä huku | 2nd sing. | — | — | ||||||||||||||||
| 3rd sing. | hukkukoon | älköön hukkuko | 3rd sing. | olkoon hukkunut | älköön olko hukkunut | ||||||||||||||||
| 1st plur. | hukkukaamme | älkäämme hukkuko | 1st plur. | — | — | ||||||||||||||||
| 2nd plur. | hukkukaa | älkää hukkuko | 2nd plur. | — | — | ||||||||||||||||
| 3rd plur. | hukkukoot | älkööt hukkuko | 3rd plur. | olkoot hukkuneet | älkööt olko hukkuneet | ||||||||||||||||
| passive | hukuttakoon | älköön hukuttako | passive | olkoon hukuttu | älköön olko hukuttu | ||||||||||||||||
| potential mood | |||||||||||||||||||||
| present | perfect | ||||||||||||||||||||
| person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | ||||||||||||||||
| 1st sing. | hukkunen | en hukkune | 1st sing. | lienen hukkunut | en liene hukkunut | ||||||||||||||||
| 2nd sing. | hukkunet | et hukkune | 2nd sing. | lienet hukkunut | et liene hukkunut | ||||||||||||||||
| 3rd sing. | hukkunee | ei hukkune | 3rd sing. | lienee hukkunut | ei liene hukkunut | ||||||||||||||||
| 1st plur. | hukkunemme | emme hukkune | 1st plur. | lienemme hukkuneet | emme liene hukkuneet | ||||||||||||||||
| 2nd plur. | hukkunette | ette hukkune | 2nd plur. | lienette hukkuneet | ette liene hukkuneet | ||||||||||||||||
| 3rd plur. | hukkunevat | eivät hukkune | 3rd plur. | lienevät hukkuneet | eivät liene hukkuneet | ||||||||||||||||
| passive | hukuttaneen | ei hukuttane | passive | lienee hukuttu | ei liene hukuttu | ||||||||||||||||
| Nominal forms | |||||||||||||||||||||
| infinitives | participles | ||||||||||||||||||||
| active | passive | active | passive | ||||||||||||||||||
| 1st | hukkua | present | hukkuva | hukuttava | |||||||||||||||||
| long 1st1 |
|
past | hukkunut | hukuttu | |||||||||||||||||
| 2nd | inessive2 | hukkuessa | hukuttaessa | agent3 | hukkuma | ||||||||||||||||
|
negative | hukkumaton | |||||||||||||||||||
| instructive | hukkuen | — | 1) Used only with a possessive suffix. 2) Usually with a possessive suffix (active only). | ||||||||||||||||||
| 3rd | inessive | hukkumassa | — | ||||||||||||||||||
| elative | hukkumasta | — | |||||||||||||||||||
| illative | hukkumaan | — | |||||||||||||||||||
| adessive | hukkumalla | — | |||||||||||||||||||
| abessive | hukkumatta | — | |||||||||||||||||||
| instructive | hukkuman | hukuttaman | |||||||||||||||||||
| 4th4 | verbal noun | hukkuminen | |||||||||||||||||||
| 5th1 |
| ||||||||||||||||||||
Further reading
- “hukkua”, in Kielitoimiston sanakirja [Dictionary of Contemporary Finnish] (in Finnish) (online dictionary, continuously updated), Kotimaisten kielten keskuksen verkkojulkaisuja 35, Helsinki: Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus (Institute for the Languages of Finland), 2004–, retrieved 2023-07-02
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