heimo
See also: Heimo
Finnish
Etymology
From Proto-Finnic *haimo, from earlier *šaima-, borrowed from Proto-Baltic *šáimas (compare Latvian saime),[1] from Proto-Indo-European *ḱóymos, *tḱóymos. Cognates include Estonian hõim.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈhei̯mo/, [ˈhe̞i̯mo̞]
- Rhymes: -eimo
- Syllabification(key): hei‧mo
Noun
heimo
Usage notes
- (subgroup): These subgroups were once historically very important, especially prior to the emergence of the Finnish nation as a concept. The five or six heimo groups comprising the Finnish people today are conventionally 1. suomalaiset (“Finns”) (specifically southwest Finns from what is now Finland Proper), 2. hämäläiset (“Tavastians”), 3. pohjalaiset (“Ostrobothnians”), 4. savolaiset (“Savonians”), 5. karjalaiset (“Karelians”), and possibly 6. lappalaiset (“Laplanders”). The term is sometimes translated as "tribe", but is better translated as "nation", although it should be emphasized that since the 19th century, these groups are considered subgroups of the single Finnish (as a broad term) people or nation (kansa). In the modern society, these subgroups hold mainly cultural and traditional value, and urbanites rarely associate with any of them.
Declension
| Inflection of heimo (Kotus type 1/valo, no gradation) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | heimo | heimot | ||
| genitive | heimon | heimojen | ||
| partitive | heimoa | heimoja | ||
| illative | heimoon | heimoihin | ||
| singular | plural | |||
| nominative | heimo | heimot | ||
| accusative | nom. | heimo | heimot | |
| gen. | heimon | |||
| genitive | heimon | heimojen | ||
| partitive | heimoa | heimoja | ||
| inessive | heimossa | heimoissa | ||
| elative | heimosta | heimoista | ||
| illative | heimoon | heimoihin | ||
| adessive | heimolla | heimoilla | ||
| ablative | heimolta | heimoilta | ||
| allative | heimolle | heimoille | ||
| essive | heimona | heimoina | ||
| translative | heimoksi | heimoiksi | ||
| abessive | heimotta | heimoitta | ||
| instructive | — | heimoin | ||
| comitative | See the possessive forms below. | |||
| Possessive forms of heimo (Kotus type 1/valo, no gradation) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Derived terms
compounds
- aboriginaaliheimo
- alaheimo
- alkuasukasheimo
- alkuperäisheimo
- barbaariheimo
- beduiiniheimo
- Erkinheimo
- germaaniheimo
- Heikinheimo
- heimoaate
- heimohenki
- heimojuhla
- heimokansa
- heimokieli
- heimopäällikkö
- heimoside
- heimosota
- heimosoturi
- heimouskonto
- heimoveli
- ihmissyöjäheimo
- Ikäheimo
- intiaaniheimo
- kansanheimo
- kasviheimo
- kelttiheimo
- Merenheimo
- paimentolaisheimo
- Paloheimo
- Pohjanheimo
- Saarenheimo
- Saloheimo
- vuoristolaisheimo
- yläheimo
References
- Junttila, Santeri, Kallio, Petri, Holopainen, Sampsa, Kuokkala, Juha, Pystynen, Juho, editors (2020–), “heimo”, in Suomen vanhimman sanaston etymologinen verkkosanakirja (in Finnish), retrieved 2024-01-01
Further reading
- “heimo”, in Kielitoimiston sanakirja [Dictionary of Contemporary Finnish] (in Finnish) (online dictionary, continuously updated), Kotimaisten kielten keskuksen verkkojulkaisuja 35, Helsinki: Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus (Institute for the Languages of Finland), 2004–, retrieved 2023-07-02
Suomalaiset heimot on the Finnish Wikipedia.Wikipedia fi
Ingrian
Pronunciation
- (Ala-Laukaa) IPA(key): /ˈhei̯mo/, [ˈhe̞i̯mŏ̞̥]
- (Soikkola) IPA(key): /ˈhei̯mo/, [ˈhe̞i̯mo̞]
- Rhymes: -ei̯mo
- Hyphenation: hei‧mo
Declension
| Declension of heimo (type 4/koivu, no gradation) | ||
|---|---|---|
| singular | plural | |
| nominative | heimo | heimot |
| genitive | heimon | heimoin, heimoloin |
| partitive | heimoa | heimoja, heimoloja |
| illative | heimoo | heimoi, heimoloihe |
| inessive | heimoos | heimois, heimolois |
| elative | heimost | heimoist, heimoloist |
| allative | heimolle | heimoille, heimoloille |
| adessive | heimool | heimoil, heimoloil |
| ablative | heimolt | heimoilt, heimoloilt |
| translative | heimoks | heimoiks, heimoloiks |
| essive | heimonna, heimoon | heimoinna, heimoloinna, heimoin, heimoloin |
| exessive1) | heimont | heimoint, heimoloint |
| 1) obsolete *) the accusative corresponds with either the genitive (sg) or nominative (pl) **) the comitative is formed by adding the suffix -ka? or -kä? to the genitive. | ||
References
- Ruben E. Nirvi (1971) Inkeroismurteiden Sanakirja, Helsinki: Suomalais-Ugrilainen Seura, page 54
Karelian
| North Karelian (Viena) |
heimo |
|---|---|
| South Karelian (Tver) |
heimo |
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈhei̯mo/
- Hyphenation: hei‧mo
Declension
| Viena Karelian declension of heimo (type 1/tyttö, no gradation) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| singular | plural | ||
| nominative | heimo | heimot | |
| genitive | heimon | heimojen | |
| partitive | heimuo | heimoja | |
| illative | heimoh | heimoloih | |
| inessive | heimošša | heimoloissa | |
| elative | heimošta | heimoloista | |
| adessive | heimolla | heimoloilla | |
| ablative | heimolta | heimoloilta | |
| translative | heimokši | heimoloiksi | |
| essive | heimona | heimoloina | |
| comitative | — | heimoloineh | |
| abessive | heimotta | heimoloitta | |
| Tver Karelian declension of heimo (type 1/tyttö no gradation) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| singular | plural | ||
| nominative | heimo | heimot | |
| genitive | heimon | heimoloin | |
| partitive | heimuo | heimoloida | |
| illative | heimoh | heimoloih | |
| inessive | heimošša | heimoloissa | |
| elative | heimošta | heimoloista | |
| adessive | heimolla | heimoloilla | |
| ablative | heimolda | heimoloilda | |
| translative | heimokši | heimoloiksi | |
| essive | heimona | heimoloina | |
| comitative | heimonke | heimoloinke | |
| abessive | heimotta | heimoloitta | |
| Possessive forms of heimo | ||
|---|---|---|
| 1st person | heimoni | |
| 2nd person | heimoš | |
| 3rd person | heimoh | |
| *) Possessive forms are very rare for adjectives and only used in substantivised clauses. | ||
References
- P. M. Zaykov et al. (2015) “племя”, in Venäjä-Viena Šanakirja [Russian-Viena Karelian Dictionary], →ISBN
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