hajnal
Hungarian
Etymology
From Proto-Uralic *koje. Cognates include Finnish koi, Estonian koit and Erzya ки (ki).[1]
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [ˈhɒjnɒl]
Audio (file) - Hyphenation: haj‧nal
- Rhymes: -ɒl
Usage notes
| Adverbs of temporal nouns (see also: Appendix:Hungarian words of time) | |
|---|---|
| no suffix (the noun can act as an adverb) | nappal (“daytime”), reggel (“early morning”), délelőtt (“late morning”), délután (“afternoon”), este (“evening”), éjjel / éjszaka (“night”), and vasárnap (“Sunday”) |
| -kor (“at”) | pirkadat / virradat (“dawn”), napkelte (“sunrise”), napnyugta (“sunset”), alkonyat (“dusk”), szürkület (“twilight”), éjfél (“midnight”), hours and minutes, and the names of holidays (húsvét (“Easter”) etc.) |
| -ban/-ben (“in”) | dél (“noon”), hajnal (“daybreak”), names of months (január–december) and hónap (“month”), évszak (“season”), év (“year”) and specific years, évtized (“decade”) and longer periods |
| -n/-on/-en/-ön (“on”) | days of the week (hétfő–szombat) except Sunday, days of the month (elseje (“1st”), másodika (“2nd”) etc.), nap (“day”), hét (“week”), nyár (“summer”), and tél (“winter”) |
| -val/-vel (“with”, assimilated: -szal/-szel) | tavasz (“spring”), ősz (“autumn, fall”) |
Declension
| Inflection (stem in -o-, back harmony) | ||
|---|---|---|
| singular | plural | |
| nominative | hajnal | hajnalok |
| accusative | hajnalt | hajnalokat |
| dative | hajnalnak | hajnaloknak |
| instrumental | hajnallal | hajnalokkal |
| causal-final | hajnalért | hajnalokért |
| translative | hajnallá | hajnalokká |
| terminative | hajnalig | hajnalokig |
| essive-formal | hajnalként | hajnalokként |
| essive-modal | — | — |
| inessive | hajnalban | hajnalokban |
| superessive | hajnalon | hajnalokon |
| adessive | hajnalnál | hajnaloknál |
| illative | hajnalba | hajnalokba |
| sublative | hajnalra | hajnalokra |
| allative | hajnalhoz | hajnalokhoz |
| elative | hajnalból | hajnalokból |
| delative | hajnalról | hajnalokról |
| ablative | hajnaltól | hajnaloktól |
| non-attributive possessive - singular |
hajnalé | hajnaloké |
| non-attributive possessive - plural |
hajnaléi | hajnalokéi |
| Possessive forms of hajnal | ||
|---|---|---|
| possessor | single possession | multiple possessions |
| 1st person sing. | hajnalom | hajnalaim |
| 2nd person sing. | hajnalod | hajnalaid |
| 3rd person sing. | hajnala | hajnalai |
| 1st person plural | hajnalunk | hajnalaink |
| 2nd person plural | hajnalotok | hajnalaitok |
| 3rd person plural | hajnaluk | hajnalaik |
References
- Entry #330 in Uralonet, online Uralic etymological database of the Hungarian Research Centre for Linguistics.
Further reading
- hajnal in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (‘The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language’, abbr.: ÉrtSz.). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN
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