gyöngy

Hungarian

Etymology

Inherited from Old Hungarian *dzsindzsü, borrowed from Bulgar *ǯinǯü, whence also Old East Slavic жьньчюгъ (žĭnĭčjugŭ), further from Common Turkic *yinǯü, ultimately from Middle Chinese 珍珠 (ʈˠiɪn t͡ɕɨo), 真珠 (t͡ɕiɪn t͡ɕɨo, “true pearls”), whence Mandarin 珍珠 (zhēnzhū). Compare Old Turkic 𐰖𐰅𐰨𐰇 (yénčü), Turkish inci.[1][2]

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): [ˈɟøɲɟ]
  • Rhymes: -øɲɟ

Noun

gyöngy (plural gyöngyök)

  1. pearl (a hard round object produced by certain mollusks, often used as jewelry)
  2. bead (any similar, but usually much less valuable object used as part of jewelry, often has a hole; can be made of any material, such as glass, stone, wood, plastic)

Declension
Inflection (stem in -ö-, front rounded harmony)
singular plural
nominative gyöngy gyöngyök
accusative gyöngyöt gyöngyöket
dative gyöngynek gyöngyöknek
instrumental gyönggyel gyöngyökkel
causal-final gyöngyért gyöngyökért
translative gyönggyé gyöngyökké
terminative gyöngyig gyöngyökig
essive-formal gyöngyként gyöngyökként
essive-modal — —
inessive gyöngyben gyöngyökben
superessive gyöngyön gyöngyökön
adessive gyöngynél gyöngyöknél
illative gyöngybe gyöngyökbe
sublative gyöngyre gyöngyökre
allative gyöngyhöz gyöngyökhöz
elative gyöngyből gyöngyökből
delative gyöngyről gyöngyökről
ablative gyöngytől gyöngyöktől
non-attributive
possessive - singular		 gyöngyé gyöngyöké
non-attributive
possessive - plural		 gyöngyéi gyöngyökéi
Possessive forms of gyöngy
possessor single possession multiple possessions
1st person sing. gyöngyöm gyöngyeim
2nd person sing. gyöngyöd gyöngyeid
3rd person sing. gyöngye gyöngyei
1st person plural gyöngyünk gyöngyeink
2nd person plural gyöngyötök gyöngyeitek
3rd person plural gyöngyük gyöngyeik

Derived terms
  • gyöngyös
  • gyöngyözik
Compound words
Expressions
  • disznók elé szórja a gyöngyöt

References
  1. gyöngy in Tótfalusi, István. Magyar etimológiai nagyszótár (’Hungarian Comprehensive Dictionary of Etymology’). Budapest: Arcanum Adatbázis, 2001; Arcanum DVD Könyvtár →ISBN
  2. Tekin, Talat (1997). "Notes on some Chinese Loanwords in Old Turkic", Türk Dilleri Araştırmaları, 7, p. 166 of pp. 165-173.

Further reading
  • gyöngy in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (‘The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language’, abbr.: ÉrtSz.). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN
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