gruga
Italian
Verb
gruga
- inflection of grugare:
- third-person singular present indicative
- second-person singular imperative
Welsh
Alternative forms
Pronunciation
- (North Wales) IPA(key): /ɡrɨ̞ɡa/
- (South Wales) IPA(key): /ɡriːɡa/, /ɡrɪɡa/
- Rhymes: -ɨ̞ɡa
Conjugation
Conjugation (literary)
| singular | plural | impersonal | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | first | second | third | |||
| present indicative/future | grugaf | grugi | gruga | grugwn | grugwch | grugant | grugir | |
| imperfect (indicative/subjunctive)/ conditional |
grugwn | grugit | grugai | grugem | grugech | grugent | grugid | |
| preterite | grugais | grugaist | grugodd | grugasom | grugasoch | grugasant | grugwyd | |
| pluperfect | grugaswn | grugasit | grugasai | grugasem | grugasech | grugasent | grugasid, grugesid | |
| present subjunctive | grugwyf | grugych | grugo | grugom | grugoch | grugont | gruger | |
| imperative | — | gruga | gruged | grugwn | grugwch | grugent | gruger | |
| verbal noun | gruga | |||||||
| verbal adjectives | grugedig grugadwy | |||||||
Conjugation (colloquial)
| Inflected colloquial forms | singular | plural | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | first | second | third | |
| future | gruga i, grugaf i | grugi di | grugith o/e/hi, grugiff e/hi | grugwn ni | grugwch chi | grugan nhw |
| conditional | grugwn i, grugswn i | gruget ti, grugset ti | grugai fo/fe/hi, grugsai fo/fe/hi | grugen ni, grugsen ni | grugech chi, grugsech chi | grugen nhw, grugsen nhw |
| preterite | grugais i, gruges i | grugaist ti, grugest ti | grugodd o/e/hi | grugon ni | grugoch chi | grugon nhw |
| imperative | — | gruga | — | — | grugwch | — |
| Note: All other forms are periphrastic, as usual in colloquial Welsh. | ||||||
Mutation
| Welsh mutation | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| radical | soft | nasal | aspirate |
| gruga | ruga | ngruga | unchanged |
| Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs. | |||
Further reading
- R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “gruga”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies
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