gaeafgysgu

Welsh
Ystlum y gogledd, Eptesicus nilssonii, yn gaeafgysgu yn Norwy

Etymology

gaeaf (“winter”) +‎ cysgu (“to sleep”)

Pronunciation
  • (North Wales) IPA(key): /ˌɡeɨ̯avˈɡəsɡɨ/, [ˌɡeɨ̯avˈɡəskɨ]
  • (South Wales) IPA(key): /ˌɡei̯avˈɡəsɡi/, [ˌɡei̯avˈɡəski]

Verb

gaeafgysgu (first-person singular present gaeafgysgaf)

  1. (biology) hibernate
    Mae'r draenog yn paratoi ei nyth cyn iddo aeafgysgu am sawl mis.
    The hedgehog prepares its next before it hibernating for several months.

Conjugation
Conjugation (literary)
singular plural impersonal
first second third first second third
present indicative/future gaeafgysgaf gaeafgysgi gaeafgwsg, gaeafgysga gaeafgysgwn gaeafgysgwch gaeafgysgant gaeafgysgir
imperfect (indicative/subjunctive)/
conditional		 gaeafgysgwn gaeafgysgit gaeafgysgai gaeafgysgem gaeafgysgech gaeafgysgent gaeafgysgid
preterite gaeafgysgais gaeafgysgaist gaeafgysgodd gaeafgysgasom gaeafgysgasoch gaeafgysgasant gaeafgysgwyd
pluperfect gaeafgysgaswn gaeafgysgasit gaeafgysgasai gaeafgysgasem gaeafgysgasech gaeafgysgasent gaeafgysgasid, gaeafgysgesid
present subjunctive gaeafgysgwyf gaeafgysgych gaeafgysgo gaeafgysgom gaeafgysgoch gaeafgysgont gaeafgysger
imperative — gaeafgwsg, gaeafgysga gaeafgysged gaeafgysgwn gaeafgysgwch gaeafgysgent gaeafgysger
verbal noun gaeafgysgu
verbal adjectives gaeafgysgedig
gaeafgysgadwy
Conjugation (colloquial)
Inflected colloquial forms singular plural
first second third first second third
future gaeafgysga i, gaeafgysgaf i gaeafgysgi di gaeafgysgith o/e/hi, gaeafgysgiff e/hi gaeafgysgwn ni gaeafgysgwch chi gaeafgysgan nhw
conditional gaeafgysgwn i, gaeafgysgswn i gaeafgysget ti, gaeafgysgset ti gaeafgysgai fo/fe/hi, gaeafgysgsai fo/fe/hi gaeafgysgen ni, gaeafgysgsen ni gaeafgysgech chi, gaeafgysgsech chi gaeafgysgen nhw, gaeafgysgsen nhw
preterite gaeafgysgais i, gaeafgysges i gaeafgysgaist ti, gaeafgysgest ti gaeafgysgodd o/e/hi gaeafgysgon ni gaeafgysgoch chi gaeafgysgon nhw
imperative — gaeafgysga — — gaeafgysgwch —
Note: All other forms are periphrastic, as usual in colloquial Welsh.

Coordinate terms
  • gaeafgwsg (“hibernation”)
  • gaeafa (“to winter, to overwinter”)

Mutation
Welsh mutation
radical soft nasal aspirate
gaeafgysgu aeafgysgu ngaeafgysgu unchanged
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

References
  • R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “gaeafgysgu”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies
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