frisbrudi
Old Irish
Etymology
Le Mair proposes a novel etymology for this verb, reconstructing a Proto-Celtic *brodīti, derived from an o-grade causative/iterative formation Proto-Indo-European *bʰredʰ- (“to wade, ford”) only otherwise attested in Balto-Slavic. She explains the verb's meaning as arising from a figure of speech in which a rejected person would be forced to wade across a proverbial aquatic crossing, like a ford.[1]
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /fʲrʲisˈbru.ðʲi/
Verb
fris·brudi (verbal noun frithbruduth)
- to refuse, reject
- Synonym: as·toing
- c. 800–825, Diarmait, Milan Glosses on the Psalms, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 7–483, Ml. 44b12
- .i. indí fris·brudi .i. di·sluindi ón.
- i.e. of he who refuses, i.e. that is, who denies.
Inflection
Complex, class A II present, s preterite
| 1st sg. | 2nd sg. | 3rd sg. | 1st pl. | 2nd pl. | 3rd pl. | Passive sg. | Passive pl. | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Present indicative | Deut. | fris·brudi | fris·brúdémor | ||||||
| Prot. | |||||||||
| Imperfect indicative | Deut. | ||||||||
| Prot. | |||||||||
| Preterite | Deut. | frisnda·bruid (with infixed pronoun da-) | |||||||
| Prot. | ·frithbruid | ·frithbruidset | ·frithbruithed | ||||||
| Perfect | Deut. | ||||||||
| Prot. | |||||||||
| Future | Deut. | ||||||||
| Prot. | |||||||||
| Conditional | Deut. | ||||||||
| Prot. | |||||||||
| Present subjunctive | Deut. | ||||||||
| Prot. | |||||||||
| Past subjunctive | Deut. | ||||||||
| Prot. | |||||||||
| Imperative | |||||||||
| Verbal noun | frithbruduth | ||||||||
| Past participle | |||||||||
| Verbal of necessity | |||||||||
Mutation
| Old Irish mutation | ||
|---|---|---|
| Radical | Lenition | Nasalization |
| fris·brudi | fris·brudi pronounced with /-v(ʲ)-/ |
fris·mbrudi |
| Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs. | ||
References
- Le Mair, Esther (2011 September 30) Secondary Verbs in Old Irish: A comparative-historical study of patterns of verbal derivation in the Old Irish Glosses, Galway: National University of Ireland, page 216
Further reading
- G. Toner, M. Ní Mhaonaigh, S. Arbuthnot, D. Wodtko, M.-L. Theuerkauf, editors (2019), “fris-brudi”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
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