fortifier

English

Etymology

fortify +‎ -er.

Noun

fortifier (plural fortifiers)

  1. One who fortifies.

French

Etymology

Inherited from Middle French fortifier, borrowed from Late Latin fortificāre (“strengthen, fortify”), from Latin fortis.

Pronunciation
  • Audio(file)

Verb

fortifier

  1. to fortify (make stronger)
    Synonym: renforcer

Conjugation
Conjugation of fortifier (see also Appendix:French verbs)
infinitive simple fortifier
compound avoir + past participle
present participle or gerund1 simple fortifiant
/fɔʁ.ti.fjɑ̃/
compound ayant + past participle
past participle fortifié
/fɔʁ.ti.fje/
singular plural
first second third first second third
indicative je (j’) tu il, elle, on nous vous ils, elles
(simple
tenses)		 present fortifie
/fɔʁ.ti.fi/		 fortifies
/fɔʁ.ti.fi/		 fortifie
/fɔʁ.ti.fi/		 fortifions
/fɔʁ.ti.fjɔ̃/		 fortifiez
/fɔʁ.ti.fje/		 fortifient
/fɔʁ.ti.fi/
imperfect fortifiais
/fɔʁ.ti.fjɛ/		 fortifiais
/fɔʁ.ti.fjɛ/		 fortifiait
/fɔʁ.ti.fjɛ/		 fortifiions
/fɔʁ.ti.fi.jɔ̃/		 fortifiiez
/fɔʁ.ti.fi.je/		 fortifiaient
/fɔʁ.ti.fjɛ/
past historic2 fortifiai
/fɔʁ.ti.fje/		 fortifias
/fɔʁ.ti.fja/		 fortifia
/fɔʁ.ti.fja/		 fortifiâmes
/fɔʁ.ti.fjam/		 fortifiâtes
/fɔʁ.ti.fjat/		 fortifièrent
/fɔʁ.ti.fjɛʁ/
future fortifierai
/fɔʁ.ti.fi.ʁe/		 fortifieras
/fɔʁ.ti.fi.ʁa/		 fortifiera
/fɔʁ.ti.fi.ʁa/		 fortifierons
/fɔʁ.ti.fi.ʁɔ̃/		 fortifierez
/fɔʁ.ti.fi.ʁe/		 fortifieront
/fɔʁ.ti.fi.ʁɔ̃/
conditional fortifierais
/fɔʁ.ti.fi.ʁɛ/		 fortifierais
/fɔʁ.ti.fi.ʁɛ/		 fortifierait
/fɔʁ.ti.fi.ʁɛ/		 fortifierions
/fɔʁ.ti.fi.ʁjɔ̃/		 fortifieriez
/fɔʁ.ti.fi.ʁje/		 fortifieraient
/fɔʁ.ti.fi.ʁɛ/
(compound
tenses)		 present perfect present indicative of avoir + past participle
pluperfect imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle
past anterior2 past historic of avoir + past participle
future perfect future of avoir + past participle
conditional perfect conditional of avoir + past participle
subjunctive que je (j’) que tu qu’il, qu’elle que nous que vous qu’ils, qu’elles
(simple
tenses)		 present fortifie
/fɔʁ.ti.fi/		 fortifies
/fɔʁ.ti.fi/		 fortifie
/fɔʁ.ti.fi/		 fortifiions
/fɔʁ.ti.fi.jɔ̃/		 fortifiiez
/fɔʁ.ti.fi.je/		 fortifient
/fɔʁ.ti.fi/
imperfect2 fortifiasse
/fɔʁ.ti.fjas/		 fortifiasses
/fɔʁ.ti.fjas/		 fortifiât
/fɔʁ.ti.fja/		 fortifiassions
/fɔʁ.ti.fja.sjɔ̃/		 fortifiassiez
/fɔʁ.ti.fja.sje/		 fortifiassent
/fɔʁ.ti.fjas/
(compound
tenses)		 past present subjunctive of avoir + past participle
pluperfect2 imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle
imperative – tu – nous vous –
simple — fortifie
/fɔʁ.ti.fi/		 — fortifions
/fɔʁ.ti.fjɔ̃/		 fortifiez
/fɔʁ.ti.fje/		 —
compound — simple imperative of avoir + past participle — simple imperative of avoir + past participle simple imperative of avoir + past participle —
1 The French gerund is usable only with the preposition en.
2 In less formal writing or speech, these tenses may be found to have been replaced in the following way:
  • past historic → present perfect
  • past anterior → pluperfect
  • imperfect subjunctive → present subjunctive
  • pluperfect subjunctive → past subjunctive

(Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81).

Further reading

Middle French

Etymology

Borrowed from Late Latin fortifico, fortificare.

Verb

fortifier

  1. to fortify (make stronger)

Conjugation
  • Middle French conjugation varies from one text to another. Hence, the following conjugation should be considered as typical, not as exhaustive.
Conjugation of fortifier
infinitive simple fortifier
compound avoir + past participle
present participle1 or gerund2 simple fortifiant
compound present participle or gerund of avoir + past participle
past participle fortifié
singular plural
first second third first second third
indicative ie (i’) tu il, elle nous vous ilz, elles
(simple
tenses)		 present fortifie fortifies fortifie fortifions fortifiez fortifient
imperfect fortifiois, fortifioys fortifiois, fortifioys fortifioit, fortifioyt fortifiions, fortifiyons fortifiiez, fortifiyez fortifioient, fortifioyent
past historic fortifia fortifias fortifia fortifiasmes fortifiastes fortifierent
future fortifierai, fortifieray fortifieras fortifiera fortifierons fortifierez fortifieront
conditional fortifierois, fortifieroys fortifierois, fortifieroys fortifieroit, fortifieroyt fortifierions, fortifieryons fortifieriez, fortifieryez fortifieroient, fortifieroyent
(compound
tenses)		 present perfect present indicative of avoir + past participle
pluperfect imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle
past anterior past historic of avoir + past participle
future perfect future of avoir + past participle
conditional perfect conditional of avoir + past participle
subjunctive que ie (i’) que tu qu’il, qu’elle que nous que vous qu’ilz, qu’elles
(simple
tenses)		 present fortifie fortifies fortifie fortifions fortifiez fortifient
imperfect fortifiasse fortifiasses fortifiast fortifiassions fortifiassiez fortifiassent
(compound
tenses)		 past present subjunctive of avoir + past participle
pluperfect imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle
imperative – tu – nous vous –
simple — fortifie — fortifions fortifiez —
compound — simple imperative of avoir + past participle — simple imperative of avoir + past participle simple imperative of avoir + past participle —
1 The present participle was variable in gender and number until the 17th century (Anne Sancier-Château [1995], Une esthétique nouvelle: Honoré d'Urfé, correcteur de l'Astrée, p. 179). The French Academy would eventually declare it not to be declined in 1679.
2 The gerund was held to be invariable by grammarians of the early 17th century, and was usable with preposition en, as in Modern French, although the preposition was not mandatory (Anne Sancier-Château [1995], op. cit., p. 180).

Synonyms

Descendants
  • → English: fortify
  • French: fortifier
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