exercer

French

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): /ɛɡ.zɛʁ.se/
  • Audio(file)

Verb

exercer

  1. to instruct, to command
    exercer des soldats ― train soldiers
    exercer des écoliers à la composition ― to instruct students in composition
  2. to exercise
  3. to practise, to do
    Ce médecin n’exerce plus.
    This doctor is no longer practising.

Conjugation

This verb is part of a group of -er verbs for which 'c' is softened to a 'ç' before the vowels 'a' and 'o'.

Conjugation of exercer (see also Appendix:French verbs)
infinitive simple exercer
compound avoir + past participle
present participle or gerund1 simple exerçant
/ɛɡ.zɛʁ.sɑ̃/
compound ayant + past participle
past participle exercé
/ɛɡ.zɛʁ.se/
singular plural
first second third first second third
indicative je (j’) tu il, elle, on nous vous ils, elles
(simple
tenses)		 present exerce
/ɛɡ.zɛʁs/		 exerces
/ɛɡ.zɛʁs/		 exerce
/ɛɡ.zɛʁs/		 exerçons
/ɛɡ.zɛʁ.sɔ̃/		 exercez
/ɛɡ.zɛʁ.se/		 exercent
/ɛɡ.zɛʁs/
imperfect exerçais
/ɛɡ.zɛʁ.sɛ/		 exerçais
/ɛɡ.zɛʁ.sɛ/		 exerçait
/ɛɡ.zɛʁ.sɛ/		 exercions
/ɛɡ.zɛʁ.sjɔ̃/		 exerciez
/ɛɡ.zɛʁ.sje/		 exerçaient
/ɛɡ.zɛʁ.sɛ/
past historic2 exerçai
/ɛɡ.zɛʁ.se/		 exerças
/ɛɡ.zɛʁ.sa/		 exerça
/ɛɡ.zɛʁ.sa/		 exerçâmes
/ɛɡ.zɛʁ.sam/		 exerçâtes
/ɛɡ.zɛʁ.sat/		 exercèrent
/ɛɡ.zɛʁ.sɛʁ/
future exercerai
/ɛɡ.zɛʁ.sə.ʁe/		 exerceras
/ɛɡ.zɛʁ.sə.ʁa/		 exercera
/ɛɡ.zɛʁ.sə.ʁa/		 exercerons
/ɛɡ.zɛʁ.sə.ʁɔ̃/		 exercerez
/ɛɡ.zɛʁ.sə.ʁe/		 exerceront
/ɛɡ.zɛʁ.sə.ʁɔ̃/
conditional exercerais
/ɛɡ.zɛʁ.sə.ʁɛ/		 exercerais
/ɛɡ.zɛʁ.sə.ʁɛ/		 exercerait
/ɛɡ.zɛʁ.sə.ʁɛ/		 exercerions
/ɛɡ.zɛʁ.sə.ʁjɔ̃/		 exerceriez
/ɛɡ.zɛʁ.sə.ʁje/		 exerceraient
/ɛɡ.zɛʁ.sə.ʁɛ/
(compound
tenses)		 present perfect present indicative of avoir + past participle
pluperfect imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle
past anterior2 past historic of avoir + past participle
future perfect future of avoir + past participle
conditional perfect conditional of avoir + past participle
subjunctive que je (j’) que tu qu’il, qu’elle que nous que vous qu’ils, qu’elles
(simple
tenses)		 present exerce
/ɛɡ.zɛʁs/		 exerces
/ɛɡ.zɛʁs/		 exerce
/ɛɡ.zɛʁs/		 exercions
/ɛɡ.zɛʁ.sjɔ̃/		 exerciez
/ɛɡ.zɛʁ.sje/		 exercent
/ɛɡ.zɛʁs/
imperfect2 exerçasse
/ɛɡ.zɛʁ.sas/		 exerçasses
/ɛɡ.zɛʁ.sas/		 exerçât
/ɛɡ.zɛʁ.sa/		 exerçassions
/ɛɡ.zɛʁ.sa.sjɔ̃/		 exerçassiez
/ɛɡ.zɛʁ.sa.sje/		 exerçassent
/ɛɡ.zɛʁ.sas/
(compound
tenses)		 past present subjunctive of avoir + past participle
pluperfect2 imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle
imperative – tu – nous vous –
simple — exerce
/ɛɡ.zɛʁs/		 — exerçons
/ɛɡ.zɛʁ.sɔ̃/		 exercez
/ɛɡ.zɛʁ.se/		 —
compound — simple imperative of avoir + past participle — simple imperative of avoir + past participle simple imperative of avoir + past participle —
1 The French gerund is usable only with the preposition en.
2 In less formal writing or speech, these tenses may be found to have been replaced in the following way:
  • past historic → present perfect
  • past anterior → pluperfect
  • imperfect subjunctive → present subjunctive
  • pluperfect subjunctive → past subjunctive

(Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81).

Quotations

For quotations using this term, see Citations:exercer.

Further reading

Anagrams

Portuguese

Pronunciation
 
  • (Brazil) IPA(key): /e.zeʁˈse(ʁ)/ [e.zehˈse(h)]
    • (São Paulo) IPA(key): /e.zeɾˈse(ɾ)/
    • (Rio de Janeiro) IPA(key): /e.zeʁˈse(ʁ)/ [e.zeχˈse(χ)]
    • (Southern Brazil) IPA(key): /e.zeɻˈse(ɻ)/
 
  • (Portugal) IPA(key): /i.zɨɾˈseɾ/
    • (Southern Portugal) IPA(key): /i.zɨɾˈse.ɾi/

Verb

exercer (first-person singular present exerço, first-person singular preterite exerci, past participle exercido)

  1. to instruct, to command
  2. to exercise
  3. to practise, to do

Conjugation
    Conjugation of exercer (c-ç alternation) (See Appendix:Portuguese verbs)
Singular Plural
First-person
(eu)		 Second-person
(tu)		 Third-person
(ele / ela / você)		 First-person
(nós)		 Second-person
(vós)		 Third-person
(eles / elas / vocês)
Infinitive
Impersonal exercer
Personal exercer exerceres exercer exercermos exercerdes exercerem
Gerund
exercendo
Past participle
Masculine exercido exercidos
Feminine exercida exercidas
Indicative
Present exerço exerces exerce exercemos exerceis exercem
Imperfect exercia exercias exercia exercíamos exercíeis exerciam
Preterite exerci exerceste exerceu exercemos exercestes exerceram
Pluperfect exercera exerceras exercera exercêramos exercêreis exerceram
Future exercerei exercerás exercerá exerceremos exercereis exercerão
Conditional exerceria exercerias exerceria exerceríamos exerceríeis exerceriam
Subjunctive
Present exerça exerças exerça exerçamos exerçais exerçam
Imperfect exercesse exercesses exercesse exercêssemos exercêsseis exercessem
Future exercer exerceres exercer exercermos exercerdes exercerem
Imperative
Affirmative exerce exerça exerçamos exercei exerçam
Negative (não) não exerças não exerça não exerçamos não exerçais não exerçam
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