dumala
Czech
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [ˈdumala]
Participle
dumala
- inflection of dumat:
- feminine singular past active participle
- neuter plural past active participle
Zulu
Inflection
Tone H | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Infinitive | ukudumala | ||||||||
Positive | Negative | ||||||||
Infinitive | ukudumala | ukungadumali | |||||||
Imperative | |||||||||
Simple | + object concord | ||||||||
Singular | dumala | -dumale | |||||||
Plural | dumalani | -dumaleni | |||||||
Stative | |||||||||
Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial | ||||
1st singular | ngidumele | engidumele | ngidumele | angidumele | engingadumele | ngingadumele | |||
2nd singular | udumele | odumele | udumele | awudumele | ongadumele | ungadumele | |||
1st plural | sidumele | esidumele | sidumele | asidumele | esingadumele | singadumele | |||
2nd plural | nidumele | enidumele | nidumele | anidumele | eningadumele | ningadumele | |||
Class 1 | udumele | odumele | edumele | akadumele | ongadumele | engadumele | |||
Class 2 | badumele | abadumele | bedumele | abadumele | abangadumele | bengadumele | |||
Class 3 | udumele | odumele | udumele | awudumele | ongadumele | ongadumele | |||
Class 4 | idumele | edumele | idumele | ayidumele | engadumele | ingadumele | |||
Class 5 | lidumele | elidumele | lidumele | alidumele | elingadumele | lingadumele | |||
Class 6 | adumele | adumele | edumele | awadumele | angadumele | engadumele | |||
Class 7 | sidumele | esidumele | sidumele | asidumele | esingadumele | singadumele | |||
Class 8 | zidumele | ezidumele | zidumele | azidumele | ezingadumele | zingadumele | |||
Class 9 | idumele | edumele | idumele | ayidumele | engadumele | ingadumele | |||
Class 10 | zidumele | ezidumele | zidumele | azidumele | ezingadumele | zingadumele | |||
Class 11 | ludumele | oludumele | ludumele | aludumele | olungadumele | lungadumele | |||
Class 14 | budumele | obudumele | budumele | abudumele | obungadumele | bungadumele | |||
Class 15 | kudumele | okudumele | kudumele | akudumele | okungadumele | kungadumele | |||
Class 17 | kudumele | okudumele | kudumele | akudumele | okungadumele | kungadumele | |||
Present | |||||||||
Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial | ||||
1st singular | ngiyadumala, ngidumala | engidumalayo, engidumala | ngidumala | angidumali | engingadumali | ngingadumali | |||
2nd singular | uyadumala, udumala | odumalayo, odumala | udumala | awudumali | ongadumali | ungadumali | |||
1st plural | siyadumala, sidumala | esidumalayo, esidumala | sidumala | asidumali | esingadumali | singadumali | |||
2nd plural | niyadumala, nidumala | enidumalayo, enidumala | nidumala | anidumali | eningadumali | ningadumali | |||
Class 1 | uyadumala, udumala | odumalayo, odumala | edumala | akadumali | ongadumali | engadumali | |||
Class 2 | bayadumala, badumala | abadumalayo, abadumala | bedumala | abadumali | abangadumali | bengadumali | |||
Class 3 | uyadumala, udumala | odumalayo, odumala | udumala | awudumali | ongadumali | ungadumali | |||
Class 4 | iyadumala, idumala | edumalayo, edumala | idumala | ayidumali | engadumali | ingadumali | |||
Class 5 | liyadumala, lidumala | elidumalayo, elidumala | lidumala | alidumali | elingadumali | lingadumali | |||
Class 6 | ayadumala, adumala | adumalayo, adumala | edumala | awadumali | angadumali | engadumali | |||
Class 7 | siyadumala, sidumala | esidumalayo, esidumala | sidumala | asidumali | esingadumali | singadumali | |||
Class 8 | ziyadumala, zidumala | ezidumalayo, ezidumala | zidumala | azidumali | ezingadumali | zingadumali | |||
Class 9 | iyadumala, idumala | edumalayo, edumala | idumala | ayidumali | engadumali | ingadumali | |||
Class 10 | ziyadumala, zidumala | ezidumalayo, ezidumala | zidumala | azidumali | ezingadumali | zingadumali | |||
Class 11 | luyadumala, ludumala | oludumalayo, oludumala | ludumala | aludumali | olungadumali | lungadumali | |||
Class 14 | buyadumala, budumala | obudumalayo, obudumala | budumala | abudumali | obungadumali | bungadumali | |||
Class 15 | kuyadumala, kudumala | okudumalayo, okudumala | kudumala | akudumali | okungadumali | kungadumali | |||
Class 17 | kuyadumala, kudumala | okudumalayo, okudumala | kudumala | akudumali | okungadumali | kungadumali | |||
Recent past | |||||||||
Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial | ||||
1st singular | ngidumalile, ngidumalē | engidumalile, engidumalē | ngidumalile, ngidumalē | angidumalanga | engingadumalanga | ngingadumalanga | |||
2nd singular | udumalile, udumalē | odumalile, odumalē | udumalile, udumalē | awudumalanga | ongadumalanga | ungadumalanga | |||
1st plural | sidumalile, sidumalē | esidumalile, esidumalē | sidumalile, sidumalē | asidumalanga | esingadumalanga | singadumalanga | |||
2nd plural | nidumalile, nidumalē | enidumalile, enidumalē | nidumalile, nidumalē | anidumalanga | eningadumalanga | ningadumalanga | |||
Class 1 | udumalile, udumalē | odumalile, odumalē | edumalile, edumalē | akadumalanga | ongadumalanga | engadumalanga | |||
Class 2 | badumalile, badumalē | abadumalile, abadumalē | bedumalile, bedumalē | abadumalanga | abangadumalanga | bengadumalanga | |||
Class 3 | udumalile, udumalē | odumalile, odumalē | udumalile, udumalē | awudumalanga | ongadumalanga | ungadumalanga | |||
Class 4 | idumalile, idumalē | edumalile, edumalē | idumalile, idumalē | ayidumalanga | engadumalanga | ingadumalanga | |||
Class 5 | lidumalile, lidumalē | elidumalile, elidumalē | lidumalile, lidumalē | alidumalanga | elingadumalanga | lingadumalanga | |||
Class 6 | adumalile, adumalē | adumalile, adumalē | edumalile, edumalē | awadumalanga | angadumalanga | engadumalanga | |||
Class 7 | sidumalile, sidumalē | esidumalile, esidumalē | sidumalile, sidumalē | asidumalanga | esingadumalanga | singadumalanga | |||
Class 8 | zidumalile, zidumalē | ezidumalile, ezidumalē | zidumalile, zidumalē | azidumalanga | ezingadumalanga | zingadumalanga | |||
Class 9 | idumalile, idumalē | edumalile, edumalē | idumalile, idumalē | ayidumalanga | engadumalanga | ingadumalanga | |||
Class 10 | zidumalile, zidumalē | ezidumalile, ezidumalē | zidumalile, zidumalē | azidumalanga | ezingadumalanga | zingadumalanga | |||
Class 11 | ludumalile, ludumalē | oludumalile, oludumalē | ludumalile, ludumalē | aludumalanga | olungadumalanga | lungadumalanga | |||
Class 14 | budumalile, budumalē | obudumalile, obudumalē | budumalile, budumalē | abudumalanga | obungadumalanga | bungadumalanga | |||
Class 15 | kudumalile, kudumalē | okudumalile, okudumalē | kudumalile, kudumalē | akudumalanga | okungadumalanga | kungadumalanga | |||
Class 17 | kudumalile, kudumalē | okudumalile, okudumalē | kudumalile, kudumalē | akudumalanga | okungadumalanga | kungadumalanga | |||
Remote past | |||||||||
Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial | ||||
1st singular | ngādumala | engādumala | ngādumala | angidumalanga | engingadumalanga | ngingadumalanga | |||
2nd singular | wādumala | owādumala | wādumala | awudumalanga | ongadumalanga | ungadumalanga | |||
1st plural | sādumala | esādumala | sādumala | asidumalanga | esingadumalanga | singadumalanga | |||
2nd plural | nādumala | enādumala | nādumala | anidumalanga | eningadumalanga | ningadumalanga | |||
Class 1 | wādumala | owādumala | ādumala | akadumalanga | ongadumalanga | engadumalanga | |||
Class 2 | bādumala | abādumala | bādumala | abadumalanga | abangadumalanga | bengadumalanga | |||
Class 3 | wādumala | owādumala | wādumala | awudumalanga | ongadumalanga | ungadumalanga | |||
Class 4 | yādumala | eyādumala | yādumala | ayidumalanga | engadumalanga | ingadumalanga | |||
Class 5 | lādumala | elādumala | lādumala | alidumalanga | elingadumalanga | lingadumalanga | |||
Class 6 | ādumala | ādumala | ādumala | awadumalanga | angadumalanga | engadumalanga | |||
Class 7 | sādumala | esādumala | sādumala | asidumalanga | esingadumalanga | singadumalanga | |||
Class 8 | zādumala | ezādumala | zādumala | azidumalanga | ezingadumalanga | zingadumalanga | |||
Class 9 | yādumala | eyādumala | yādumala | ayidumalanga | engadumalanga | ingadumalanga | |||
Class 10 | zādumala | ezādumala | zādumala | azidumalanga | ezingadumalanga | zingadumalanga | |||
Class 11 | lwādumala | olwādumala | lwādumala | aludumalanga | olungadumalanga | lungadumalanga | |||
Class 14 | bādumala | obādumala | bādumala | abudumalanga | obungadumalanga | bungadumalanga | |||
Class 15 | kwādumala | okwādumala | kwādumala | akudumalanga | okungadumalanga | kungadumalanga | |||
Class 17 | kwādumala | okwādumala | kwādumala | akudumalanga | okungadumalanga | kungadumalanga | |||
Potential | |||||||||
Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial | ||||
1st singular | ngingadumala | — | ngingadumala | ngingedumale | — | ngingedumale | |||
2nd singular | ungadumala | — | ungadumala | ungedumale | — | ungedumale | |||
1st plural | singadumala | — | singadumala | singedumale | — | singedumale | |||
2nd plural | ningadumala | — | ningadumala | ningedumale | — | ningedumale | |||
Class 1 | angadumala | — | engadumala | angedumale | — | engedumale | |||
Class 2 | bangadumala | — | bengadumala | bangedumale | — | bengedumale | |||
Class 3 | ungadumala | — | ungadumala | ungedumale | — | ungedumale | |||
Class 4 | ingadumala | — | ingadumala | ingedumale | — | ingedumale | |||
Class 5 | lingadumala | — | lingadumala | lingedumale | — | lingedumale | |||
Class 6 | angadumala | — | engadumala | angedumale | — | engedumale | |||
Class 7 | singadumala | — | singadumala | singedumale | — | singedumale | |||
Class 8 | zingadumala | — | zingadumala | zingedumale | — | zingedumale | |||
Class 9 | ingadumala | — | ingadumala | ingedumale | — | ingedumale | |||
Class 10 | zingadumala | — | zingadumala | zingedumale | — | zingedumale | |||
Class 11 | lungadumala | — | lungadumala | lungedumale | — | lungedumale | |||
Class 14 | bungadumala | — | bungadumala | bungedumale | — | bungedumale | |||
Class 15 | kungadumala | — | kungadumala | kungedumale | — | kungedumale | |||
Class 17 | kungadumala | — | kungadumala | kungedumale | — | kungedumale | |||
Immediate future | |||||||||
Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial | ||||
1st singular | ngizodumala | engizodumala | ngizodumala | angizudumala | engingezudumala | ngingezudumala | |||
2nd singular | uzodumala | ozodumala | uzodumala | awuzudumala | ongezudumala | ungezudumala | |||
1st plural | sizodumala | esizodumala | sizodumala | asizudumala | esingezudumala | singezudumala | |||
2nd plural | nizodumala | enizodumala | nizodumala | anizudumala | eningezudumala | ningezudumala | |||
Class 1 | uzodumala | ozodumala | ezodumala | akazudumala | ongezudumala | engezudumala | |||
Class 2 | bazodumala | abazodumala | bezodumala | abazudumala | abangezudumala | bengezudumala | |||
Class 3 | uzodumala | ozodumala | uzodumala | awuzudumala | ongezudumala | ungezudumala | |||
Class 4 | izodumala | ezodumala | izodumala | ayizudumala | engezudumala | ingezudumala | |||
Class 5 | lizodumala | elizodumala | lizodumala | alizudumala | elingezudumala | lingezudumala | |||
Class 6 | azodumala | azodumala | ezodumala | awazudumala | angezudumala | engezudumala | |||
Class 7 | sizodumala | esizodumala | sizodumala | asizudumala | esingezudumala | singezudumala | |||
Class 8 | zizodumala | ezizodumala | zizodumala | azizudumala | ezingezudumala | zingezudumala | |||
Class 9 | izodumala | ezodumala | izodumala | ayizudumala | engezudumala | ingezudumala | |||
Class 10 | zizodumala | ezizodumala | zizodumala | azizudumala | ezingezudumala | zingezudumala | |||
Class 11 | luzodumala | oluzodumala | luzodumala | aluzudumala | olungezudumala | lungezudumala | |||
Class 14 | buzodumala | obuzodumala | buzodumala | abuzudumala | obungezudumala | bungezudumala | |||
Class 15 | kuzodumala | okuzodumala | kuzodumala | akuzudumala | okungezudumala | kungezudumala | |||
Class 17 | kuzodumala | okuzodumala | kuzodumala | akuzudumala | okungezudumala | kungezudumala | |||
Remote future | |||||||||
Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial | ||||
1st singular | ngiyodumala | engiyodumala | ngiyodumala | angiyudumala | engingeyudumala | ngingeyudumala | |||
2nd singular | uyodumala | oyodumala | uyodumala | awuyudumala | ongeyudumala | ungeyudumala | |||
1st plural | siyodumala | esiyodumala | siyodumala | asiyudumala | esingeyudumala | singeyudumala | |||
2nd plural | niyodumala | eniyodumala | niyodumala | aniyudumala | eningeyudumala | ningeyudumala | |||
Class 1 | uyodumala | oyodumala | eyodumala | akayudumala | ongeyudumala | engeyudumala | |||
Class 2 | bayodumala | abayodumala | beyodumala | abayudumala | abangeyudumala | bengeyudumala | |||
Class 3 | uyodumala | oyodumala | uyodumala | awuyudumala | ongeyudumala | ungeyudumala | |||
Class 4 | iyodumala | eyodumala | iyodumala | ayiyudumala | engeyudumala | ingeyudumala | |||
Class 5 | liyodumala | eliyodumala | liyodumala | aliyudumala | elingeyudumala | lingeyudumala | |||
Class 6 | ayodumala | ayodumala | eyodumala | awayudumala | angeyudumala | engeyudumala | |||
Class 7 | siyodumala | esiyodumala | siyodumala | asiyudumala | esingeyudumala | singeyudumala | |||
Class 8 | ziyodumala | eziyodumala | ziyodumala | aziyudumala | ezingeyudumala | zingeyudumala | |||
Class 9 | iyodumala | eyodumala | iyodumala | ayiyudumala | engeyudumala | ingeyudumala | |||
Class 10 | ziyodumala | eziyodumala | ziyodumala | aziyudumala | ezingeyudumala | zingeyudumala | |||
Class 11 | luyodumala | oluyodumala | luyodumala | aluyudumala | olungeyudumala | lungeyudumala | |||
Class 14 | buyodumala | obuyodumala | buyodumala | abuyudumala | obungeyudumala | bungeyudumala | |||
Class 15 | kuyodumala | okuyodumala | kuyodumala | akuyudumala | okungeyudumala | kungeyudumala | |||
Class 17 | kuyodumala | okuyodumala | kuyodumala | akuyudumala | okungeyudumala | kungeyudumala | |||
Present subjunctive | |||||||||
Positive | Negative | ||||||||
1st singular | ngidumale | ngingadumali | |||||||
2nd singular | udumale | ungadumali | |||||||
1st plural | sidumale | singadumali | |||||||
2nd plural | nidumale | ningadumali | |||||||
Class 1 | adumale | angadumali | |||||||
Class 2 | badumale | bangadumali | |||||||
Class 3 | udumale | ungadumali | |||||||
Class 4 | idumale | ingadumali | |||||||
Class 5 | lidumale | lingadumali | |||||||
Class 6 | adumale | angadumali | |||||||
Class 7 | sidumale | singadumali | |||||||
Class 8 | zidumale | zingadumali | |||||||
Class 9 | idumale | ingadumali | |||||||
Class 10 | zidumale | zingadumali | |||||||
Class 11 | ludumale | lungadumali | |||||||
Class 14 | budumale | bungadumali | |||||||
Class 15 | kudumale | kungadumali | |||||||
Class 17 | kudumale | kungadumali | |||||||
Past subjunctive | |||||||||
Positive | Negative | ||||||||
1st singular | ngadumala | ngangadumala, angadumala, angangadumala | |||||||
2nd singular | wadumala | wangadumala, awadumala, awangadumala | |||||||
1st plural | sadumala | sangadumala, asadumala, asangadumala | |||||||
2nd plural | nadumala | nangadumala, anadumala, anangadumala | |||||||
Class 1 | wadumala | wangadumala, akadumala, akangadumala | |||||||
Class 2 | badumala | bangadumala, abadumala, abangadumala | |||||||
Class 3 | wadumala | wangadumala, awadumala, awangadumala | |||||||
Class 4 | yadumala | yangadumala, ayadumala, ayangadumala | |||||||
Class 5 | ladumala | langadumala, aladumala, alangadumala | |||||||
Class 6 | adumala | angadumala, awadumala, awangadumala | |||||||
Class 7 | sadumala | sangadumala, asadumala, asangadumala | |||||||
Class 8 | zadumala | zangadumala, azadumala, azangadumala | |||||||
Class 9 | yadumala | yangadumala, ayadumala, ayangadumala | |||||||
Class 10 | zadumala | zangadumala, azadumala, azangadumala | |||||||
Class 11 | lwadumala | lwangadumala, alwadumala, alwangadumala | |||||||
Class 14 | badumala | bangadumala, abadumala, abangadumala | |||||||
Class 15 | kwadumala | kwangadumala, akwadumala, akwangadumala | |||||||
Class 17 | kwadumala | kwangadumala, akwadumala, akwangadumala |
References
- C. M. Doke, B. W. Vilakazi (1972) “dumala”, in Zulu-English Dictionary, →ISBN: “dumala (3.2.9)”
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