dotuit
Old Irish
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /doˈtutʲ/
Etymology 1
From to- + Proto-Celtic *tudeti, from Proto-Indo-European *(s)tewd- (“to push, hit”); cognate with Sanskrit तुदति (tudáti), Latin tundō, Gothic 𐍃𐍄𐌰𐌿𐍄𐌰𐌽 (stautan).[1] The final consonant originated in the prototonic ·tuit /ˈtutʲ/ from */ˈtoθuðʲθʲ/, syncopated from *to-tudeti, and later spread to the deuterotonic. The /u/ vowel, on the other hand, originated in the deuterotonic and later spread to the prototonic, as the original prototonic form */ˈtoθuðθʲ/ would normally have become *·túait */ˈtuːa̯tʲ/.[2]
The preterite stem is from to- + Proto-Celtic *kerat (“to fall”), from Proto-Indo-European *ḱerh₂- (“to break”); cognate with Sanskrit शृणाति (śṛṇā́ti, “to crush”) and Ancient Greek κεραΐζω (keraḯzō, “to ravage, plunder”).[3]
Verb
do·tuit (prototonic ·tuit, verbal noun tothaimm)
- to fall (move to a lower position under the effect of gravity; come down or descend)
- c. 800, Würzburg Glosses on the Pauline Epistles, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 499–712, Wb. 4d15
- In Belzefuth: is béss didu ind lïacc benir il-béim friss, et intí do·thuit foir ɔ·boing a chnámi, intí fora tuit-som immurgu at·bail-side.
- The Beelzebub: it is the custom, then, of the stone that many blows are hit against it, and he who falls upon it breaks his bones; however, he whom it falls on perishes
- c. 800, Würzburg Glosses on the Pauline Epistles, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 499–712, Wb. 4d15
Conjugation
Complex, class B I present, suffixless preterite, s future, s subjunctive
| 1st sg. | 2nd sg. | 3rd sg. | 1st pl. | 2nd pl. | 3rd pl. | Passive sg. | Passive pl. | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Present indicative | Deut. | do·tuit | do·tuitet | do·tuiter | |||||
| Prot. | ·tuit | ·tuitet | ·tuiter | ||||||
| Imperfect indicative | Deut. | ||||||||
| Prot. | ·tuititis | ||||||||
| Preterite | Deut. | do·ceir | do·certar | ||||||
| Prot. | |||||||||
| Perfect | Deut. | do·rochair | do·rochratar | ||||||
| Prot. | ·torchar | ·torchar | ·torchair | ||||||
| Future | Deut. | do·tóeth | do·tóethsat | ||||||
| Prot. | ·tóethus | ·tóethais | ·tóeth | ·tóethsat | |||||
| Conditional | Deut. | ||||||||
| Prot. | ·tóethsad | ·tóethsaitis | |||||||
| Present subjunctive | Deut. | do·rothudus (ro-form) | do·todsat | ||||||
| Prot. | ·tothais | ·torthaissem (ro-form) | ·todsat; ·torthaisset (ro-form) | ||||||
| Past subjunctive | Deut. | do·toidsinn | do·rothsad (ro-form) | ||||||
| Prot. | ·todsaitis | ||||||||
| Imperative | tuit | ||||||||
| Verbal noun | tothaimm | ||||||||
| Past participle | |||||||||
| Verbal of necessity | |||||||||
Derived terms
- con·tuit
Further reading
- G. Toner, M. Ní Mhaonaigh, S. Arbuthnot, D. Wodtko, M.-L. Theuerkauf, editors (2019), “1 do·tuit”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
- Pedersen, Holger (1913) Vergleichende Grammatik der keltischen Sprachen (in German), volume II, Göttingen: Vandenhoeck und Ruprecht, →ISBN, page 656
Etymology 2
From dí- + Proto-Celtic *tudeti, as above.
Conjugation
Complex, class B I present, suffixless preterite
| 1st sg. | 2nd sg. | 3rd sg. | 1st pl. | 2nd pl. | 3rd pl. | Passive sg. | Passive pl. | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Present indicative | Deut. | ||||||||
| Prot. | ·díthat | ||||||||
| Imperfect indicative | Deut. | ||||||||
| Prot. | |||||||||
| Preterite | Deut. | ||||||||
| Prot. | |||||||||
| Perfect | Deut. | do·roth | |||||||
| Prot. | ·deroth | ·dertaiset | |||||||
| Future | Deut. | ||||||||
| Prot. | |||||||||
| Conditional | Deut. | ||||||||
| Prot. | |||||||||
| Present subjunctive | Deut. | ||||||||
| Prot. | |||||||||
| Past subjunctive | Deut. | ||||||||
| Prot. | |||||||||
| Imperative | |||||||||
| Verbal noun | díthim | ||||||||
| Past participle | |||||||||
| Verbal of necessity | |||||||||
Further reading
- G. Toner, M. Ní Mhaonaigh, S. Arbuthnot, D. Wodtko, M.-L. Theuerkauf, editors (2019), “2 do·tuit”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
- Pedersen, Holger (1913) Vergleichende Grammatik der keltischen Sprachen (in German), volume II, Göttingen: Vandenhoeck und Ruprecht, →ISBN, page 657
Mutation
| Old Irish mutation | ||
|---|---|---|
| Radical | Lenition | Nasalization |
| do·tuit | do·thuit | do·tuit pronounced with /-d(ʲ)-/ |
| Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs. | ||
References
- Matasović, Ranko (2009) “*tudo-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 393
- Stüber, Karin (1998) The Historical Morphology of n-stems in Celtic (Maynooth Studies in Celtic Linguistics; III), Maynooth: The Department of Old Irish, National University of Ireland, →ISBN, pages 76–77
- Matasović, Ranko (2009) “*kerV-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 202
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