donsa

Fanagalo

Etymology

From Zulu -donsa.

Verb

donsa

to pull

Zulu

Verb

-donsa

(transitive) to pull
Antonym: -sunduza

Inflection

Tone L
Infinitive	ukudonsa
	Positive	Negative
Infinitive	ukudonsa	ukungadonsi
	Imperative
	Simple	+ object concord
Singular	donsa	-donse
Plural	donsani	-donseni
	Present
	Positive absolute	Positive relative	Positive participial	Negative absolute	Negative relative	Negative participial
1st singular	ngiyadonsa, ngidonsa	engidonsayo, engidonsa	ngidonsa	angidonsi	engingadonsi	ngingadonsi
2nd singular	uyadonsa, udonsa	odonsayo, odonsa	udonsa	awudonsi	ongadonsi	ungadonsi
1st plural	siyadonsa, sidonsa	esidonsayo, esidonsa	sidonsa	asidonsi	esingadonsi	singadonsi
2nd plural	niyadonsa, nidonsa	enidonsayo, enidonsa	nidonsa	anidonsi	eningadonsi	ningadonsi
Class 1	uyadonsa, udonsa	odonsayo, odonsa	edonsa	akadonsi	ongadonsi	engadonsi
Class 2	bayadonsa, badonsa	abadonsayo, abadonsa	bedonsa	abadonsi	abangadonsi	bengadonsi
Class 3	uyadonsa, udonsa	odonsayo, odonsa	udonsa	awudonsi	ongadonsi	ungadonsi
Class 4	iyadonsa, idonsa	edonsayo, edonsa	idonsa	ayidonsi	engadonsi	ingadonsi
Class 5	liyadonsa, lidonsa	elidonsayo, elidonsa	lidonsa	alidonsi	elingadonsi	lingadonsi
Class 6	ayadonsa, adonsa	adonsayo, adonsa	edonsa	awadonsi	angadonsi	engadonsi
Class 7	siyadonsa, sidonsa	esidonsayo, esidonsa	sidonsa	asidonsi	esingadonsi	singadonsi
Class 8	ziyadonsa, zidonsa	ezidonsayo, ezidonsa	zidonsa	azidonsi	ezingadonsi	zingadonsi
Class 9	iyadonsa, idonsa	edonsayo, edonsa	idonsa	ayidonsi	engadonsi	ingadonsi
Class 10	ziyadonsa, zidonsa	ezidonsayo, ezidonsa	zidonsa	azidonsi	ezingadonsi	zingadonsi
Class 11	luyadonsa, ludonsa	oludonsayo, oludonsa	ludonsa	aludonsi	olungadonsi	lungadonsi
Class 14	buyadonsa, budonsa	obudonsayo, obudonsa	budonsa	abudonsi	obungadonsi	bungadonsi
Class 15	kuyadonsa, kudonsa	okudonsayo, okudonsa	kudonsa	akudonsi	okungadonsi	kungadonsi
Class 17	kuyadonsa, kudonsa	okudonsayo, okudonsa	kudonsa	akudonsi	okungadonsi	kungadonsi
	Recent past
	Positive absolute	Positive relative	Positive participial	Negative absolute	Negative relative	Negative participial
1st singular	ngidonsile, ngidonsē	engidonsile, engidonsē	ngidonsile, ngidonsē	angidonsanga	engingadonsanga	ngingadonsanga
2nd singular	udonsile, udonsē	odonsile, odonsē	udonsile, udonsē	awudonsanga	ongadonsanga	ungadonsanga
1st plural	sidonsile, sidonsē	esidonsile, esidonsē	sidonsile, sidonsē	asidonsanga	esingadonsanga	singadonsanga
2nd plural	nidonsile, nidonsē	enidonsile, enidonsē	nidonsile, nidonsē	anidonsanga	eningadonsanga	ningadonsanga
Class 1	udonsile, udonsē	odonsile, odonsē	edonsile, edonsē	akadonsanga	ongadonsanga	engadonsanga
Class 2	badonsile, badonsē	abadonsile, abadonsē	bedonsile, bedonsē	abadonsanga	abangadonsanga	bengadonsanga
Class 3	udonsile, udonsē	odonsile, odonsē	udonsile, udonsē	awudonsanga	ongadonsanga	ungadonsanga
Class 4	idonsile, idonsē	edonsile, edonsē	idonsile, idonsē	ayidonsanga	engadonsanga	ingadonsanga
Class 5	lidonsile, lidonsē	elidonsile, elidonsē	lidonsile, lidonsē	alidonsanga	elingadonsanga	lingadonsanga
Class 6	adonsile, adonsē	adonsile, adonsē	edonsile, edonsē	awadonsanga	angadonsanga	engadonsanga
Class 7	sidonsile, sidonsē	esidonsile, esidonsē	sidonsile, sidonsē	asidonsanga	esingadonsanga	singadonsanga
Class 8	zidonsile, zidonsē	ezidonsile, ezidonsē	zidonsile, zidonsē	azidonsanga	ezingadonsanga	zingadonsanga
Class 9	idonsile, idonsē	edonsile, edonsē	idonsile, idonsē	ayidonsanga	engadonsanga	ingadonsanga
Class 10	zidonsile, zidonsē	ezidonsile, ezidonsē	zidonsile, zidonsē	azidonsanga	ezingadonsanga	zingadonsanga
Class 11	ludonsile, ludonsē	oludonsile, oludonsē	ludonsile, ludonsē	aludonsanga	olungadonsanga	lungadonsanga
Class 14	budonsile, budonsē	obudonsile, obudonsē	budonsile, budonsē	abudonsanga	obungadonsanga	bungadonsanga
Class 15	kudonsile, kudonsē	okudonsile, okudonsē	kudonsile, kudonsē	akudonsanga	okungadonsanga	kungadonsanga
Class 17	kudonsile, kudonsē	okudonsile, okudonsē	kudonsile, kudonsē	akudonsanga	okungadonsanga	kungadonsanga
	Remote past
	Positive absolute	Positive relative	Positive participial	Negative absolute	Negative relative	Negative participial
1st singular	ngādonsa	engādonsa	ngādonsa	angidonsanga	engingadonsanga	ngingadonsanga
2nd singular	wādonsa	owādonsa	wādonsa	awudonsanga	ongadonsanga	ungadonsanga
1st plural	sādonsa	esādonsa	sādonsa	asidonsanga	esingadonsanga	singadonsanga
2nd plural	nādonsa	enādonsa	nādonsa	anidonsanga	eningadonsanga	ningadonsanga
Class 1	wādonsa	owādonsa	ādonsa	akadonsanga	ongadonsanga	engadonsanga
Class 2	bādonsa	abādonsa	bādonsa	abadonsanga	abangadonsanga	bengadonsanga
Class 3	wādonsa	owādonsa	wādonsa	awudonsanga	ongadonsanga	ungadonsanga
Class 4	yādonsa	eyādonsa	yādonsa	ayidonsanga	engadonsanga	ingadonsanga
Class 5	lādonsa	elādonsa	lādonsa	alidonsanga	elingadonsanga	lingadonsanga
Class 6	ādonsa	ādonsa	ādonsa	awadonsanga	angadonsanga	engadonsanga
Class 7	sādonsa	esādonsa	sādonsa	asidonsanga	esingadonsanga	singadonsanga
Class 8	zādonsa	ezādonsa	zādonsa	azidonsanga	ezingadonsanga	zingadonsanga
Class 9	yādonsa	eyādonsa	yādonsa	ayidonsanga	engadonsanga	ingadonsanga
Class 10	zādonsa	ezādonsa	zādonsa	azidonsanga	ezingadonsanga	zingadonsanga
Class 11	lwādonsa	olwādonsa	lwādonsa	aludonsanga	olungadonsanga	lungadonsanga
Class 14	bādonsa	obādonsa	bādonsa	abudonsanga	obungadonsanga	bungadonsanga
Class 15	kwādonsa	okwādonsa	kwādonsa	akudonsanga	okungadonsanga	kungadonsanga
Class 17	kwādonsa	okwādonsa	kwādonsa	akudonsanga	okungadonsanga	kungadonsanga
	Potential
	Positive absolute	Positive relative	Positive participial	Negative absolute	Negative relative	Negative participial
1st singular	ngingadonsa	—	ngingadonsa	ngingedonse	—	ngingedonse
2nd singular	ungadonsa	—	ungadonsa	ungedonse	—	ungedonse
1st plural	singadonsa	—	singadonsa	singedonse	—	singedonse
2nd plural	ningadonsa	—	ningadonsa	ningedonse	—	ningedonse
Class 1	angadonsa	—	engadonsa	angedonse	—	engedonse
Class 2	bangadonsa	—	bengadonsa	bangedonse	—	bengedonse
Class 3	ungadonsa	—	ungadonsa	ungedonse	—	ungedonse
Class 4	ingadonsa	—	ingadonsa	ingedonse	—	ingedonse
Class 5	lingadonsa	—	lingadonsa	lingedonse	—	lingedonse
Class 6	angadonsa	—	engadonsa	angedonse	—	engedonse
Class 7	singadonsa	—	singadonsa	singedonse	—	singedonse
Class 8	zingadonsa	—	zingadonsa	zingedonse	—	zingedonse
Class 9	ingadonsa	—	ingadonsa	ingedonse	—	ingedonse
Class 10	zingadonsa	—	zingadonsa	zingedonse	—	zingedonse
Class 11	lungadonsa	—	lungadonsa	lungedonse	—	lungedonse
Class 14	bungadonsa	—	bungadonsa	bungedonse	—	bungedonse
Class 15	kungadonsa	—	kungadonsa	kungedonse	—	kungedonse
Class 17	kungadonsa	—	kungadonsa	kungedonse	—	kungedonse
	Immediate future
	Positive absolute	Positive relative	Positive participial	Negative absolute	Negative relative	Negative participial
1st singular	ngizodonsa	engizodonsa	ngizodonsa	angizudonsa	engingezudonsa	ngingezudonsa
2nd singular	uzodonsa	ozodonsa	uzodonsa	awuzudonsa	ongezudonsa	ungezudonsa
1st plural	sizodonsa	esizodonsa	sizodonsa	asizudonsa	esingezudonsa	singezudonsa
2nd plural	nizodonsa	enizodonsa	nizodonsa	anizudonsa	eningezudonsa	ningezudonsa
Class 1	uzodonsa	ozodonsa	ezodonsa	akazudonsa	ongezudonsa	engezudonsa
Class 2	bazodonsa	abazodonsa	bezodonsa	abazudonsa	abangezudonsa	bengezudonsa
Class 3	uzodonsa	ozodonsa	uzodonsa	awuzudonsa	ongezudonsa	ungezudonsa
Class 4	izodonsa	ezodonsa	izodonsa	ayizudonsa	engezudonsa	ingezudonsa
Class 5	lizodonsa	elizodonsa	lizodonsa	alizudonsa	elingezudonsa	lingezudonsa
Class 6	azodonsa	azodonsa	ezodonsa	awazudonsa	angezudonsa	engezudonsa
Class 7	sizodonsa	esizodonsa	sizodonsa	asizudonsa	esingezudonsa	singezudonsa
Class 8	zizodonsa	ezizodonsa	zizodonsa	azizudonsa	ezingezudonsa	zingezudonsa
Class 9	izodonsa	ezodonsa	izodonsa	ayizudonsa	engezudonsa	ingezudonsa
Class 10	zizodonsa	ezizodonsa	zizodonsa	azizudonsa	ezingezudonsa	zingezudonsa
Class 11	luzodonsa	oluzodonsa	luzodonsa	aluzudonsa	olungezudonsa	lungezudonsa
Class 14	buzodonsa	obuzodonsa	buzodonsa	abuzudonsa	obungezudonsa	bungezudonsa
Class 15	kuzodonsa	okuzodonsa	kuzodonsa	akuzudonsa	okungezudonsa	kungezudonsa
Class 17	kuzodonsa	okuzodonsa	kuzodonsa	akuzudonsa	okungezudonsa	kungezudonsa
	Remote future
	Positive absolute	Positive relative	Positive participial	Negative absolute	Negative relative	Negative participial
1st singular	ngiyodonsa	engiyodonsa	ngiyodonsa	angiyudonsa	engingeyudonsa	ngingeyudonsa
2nd singular	uyodonsa	oyodonsa	uyodonsa	awuyudonsa	ongeyudonsa	ungeyudonsa
1st plural	siyodonsa	esiyodonsa	siyodonsa	asiyudonsa	esingeyudonsa	singeyudonsa
2nd plural	niyodonsa	eniyodonsa	niyodonsa	aniyudonsa	eningeyudonsa	ningeyudonsa
Class 1	uyodonsa	oyodonsa	eyodonsa	akayudonsa	ongeyudonsa	engeyudonsa
Class 2	bayodonsa	abayodonsa	beyodonsa	abayudonsa	abangeyudonsa	bengeyudonsa
Class 3	uyodonsa	oyodonsa	uyodonsa	awuyudonsa	ongeyudonsa	ungeyudonsa
Class 4	iyodonsa	eyodonsa	iyodonsa	ayiyudonsa	engeyudonsa	ingeyudonsa
Class 5	liyodonsa	eliyodonsa	liyodonsa	aliyudonsa	elingeyudonsa	lingeyudonsa
Class 6	ayodonsa	ayodonsa	eyodonsa	awayudonsa	angeyudonsa	engeyudonsa
Class 7	siyodonsa	esiyodonsa	siyodonsa	asiyudonsa	esingeyudonsa	singeyudonsa
Class 8	ziyodonsa	eziyodonsa	ziyodonsa	aziyudonsa	ezingeyudonsa	zingeyudonsa
Class 9	iyodonsa	eyodonsa	iyodonsa	ayiyudonsa	engeyudonsa	ingeyudonsa
Class 10	ziyodonsa	eziyodonsa	ziyodonsa	aziyudonsa	ezingeyudonsa	zingeyudonsa
Class 11	luyodonsa	oluyodonsa	luyodonsa	aluyudonsa	olungeyudonsa	lungeyudonsa
Class 14	buyodonsa	obuyodonsa	buyodonsa	abuyudonsa	obungeyudonsa	bungeyudonsa
Class 15	kuyodonsa	okuyodonsa	kuyodonsa	akuyudonsa	okungeyudonsa	kungeyudonsa
Class 17	kuyodonsa	okuyodonsa	kuyodonsa	akuyudonsa	okungeyudonsa	kungeyudonsa
	Present subjunctive
	Positive	Negative
1st singular	ngidonse	ngingadonsi
2nd singular	udonse	ungadonsi
1st plural	sidonse	singadonsi
2nd plural	nidonse	ningadonsi
Class 1	adonse	angadonsi
Class 2	badonse	bangadonsi
Class 3	udonse	ungadonsi
Class 4	idonse	ingadonsi
Class 5	lidonse	lingadonsi
Class 6	adonse	angadonsi
Class 7	sidonse	singadonsi
Class 8	zidonse	zingadonsi
Class 9	idonse	ingadonsi
Class 10	zidonse	zingadonsi
Class 11	ludonse	lungadonsi
Class 14	budonse	bungadonsi
Class 15	kudonse	kungadonsi
Class 17	kudonse	kungadonsi
	Past subjunctive
	Positive	Negative
1st singular	ngadonsa	ngangadonsa, angadonsa, angangadonsa
2nd singular	wadonsa	wangadonsa, awadonsa, awangadonsa
1st plural	sadonsa	sangadonsa, asadonsa, asangadonsa
2nd plural	nadonsa	nangadonsa, anadonsa, anangadonsa
Class 1	wadonsa	wangadonsa, akadonsa, akangadonsa
Class 2	badonsa	bangadonsa, abadonsa, abangadonsa
Class 3	wadonsa	wangadonsa, awadonsa, awangadonsa
Class 4	yadonsa	yangadonsa, ayadonsa, ayangadonsa
Class 5	ladonsa	langadonsa, aladonsa, alangadonsa
Class 6	adonsa	angadonsa, awadonsa, awangadonsa
Class 7	sadonsa	sangadonsa, asadonsa, asangadonsa
Class 8	zadonsa	zangadonsa, azadonsa, azangadonsa
Class 9	yadonsa	yangadonsa, ayadonsa, ayangadonsa
Class 10	zadonsa	zangadonsa, azadonsa, azangadonsa
Class 11	lwadonsa	lwangadonsa, alwadonsa, alwangadonsa
Class 14	badonsa	bangadonsa, abadonsa, abangadonsa
Class 15	kwadonsa	kwangadonsa, akwadonsa, akwangadonsa
Class 17	kwadonsa	kwangadonsa, akwadonsa, akwangadonsa

References

C. M. Doke, B. W. Vilakazi (1972) “donsa”, in Zulu-English Dictionary, →ISBN: “donsa (6.3)”

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