cynanu
Welsh
Etymology
From cynnan (“ready, fluent, eloquent, witty; clear, melodious, loud, praiseworthy; whole, complete”) + -u.
Verb
cynanu (first-person singular present cynanaf)
- (phonetics) to articulate
- (loosely) to pronounce
- Synonym: ynganu
Conjugation
Conjugation (literary)
| singular | plural | impersonal | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | first | second | third | |||
| present indicative/future | cynanaf | cyneni | cynana | cynanwn | cynenwch, cynanwch | cynanant | cynenir | |
| imperfect (indicative/subjunctive)/ conditional |
cynanwn | cynanit | cynanai | cynanem | cynanech | cynanent | cynenid | |
| preterite | cynenais | cynenaist | cynanodd | cynanasom | cynanasoch | cynanasant | cynanwyd | |
| pluperfect | cynanaswn | cynanasit | cynanasai | cynanasem | cynanasech | cynanasent | cynanasid, cynanesid | |
| present subjunctive | cynanwyf | cynenych | cynano | cynanom | cynanoch | cynanont | cynaner | |
| imperative | — | cynana | cynaned | cynanwn | cynenwch, cynanwch | cynanent | cynaner | |
| verbal noun | cynanu | |||||||
| verbal adjectives | cynanedig cynanadwy | |||||||
Conjugation (colloquial)
| Inflected colloquial forms | singular | plural | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | first | second | third | |
| future | cynana i, cynanaf i | cynani di | cynanith o/e/hi, cynaniff e/hi | cynanwn ni | cynanwch chi | cynanan nhw |
| conditional | cynanwn i, cynanswn i | cynanet ti, cynanset ti | cynanai fo/fe/hi, cynansai fo/fe/hi | cynanen ni, cynansen ni | cynanech chi, cynansech chi | cynanen nhw, cynansen nhw |
| preterite | cynanais i, cynanes i | cynanaist ti, cynanest ti | cynanodd o/e/hi | cynanon ni | cynanoch chi | cynanon nhw |
| imperative | — | cynana | — | — | cynanwch | — |
| Note: All other forms are periphrastic, as usual in colloquial Welsh. | ||||||
Mutation
| Welsh mutation | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| radical | soft | nasal | aspirate |
| cynanu | gynanu | nghynanu | chynanu |
| Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs. | |||
Further reading
- R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “cynanu”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies
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