cinn

See also: cinn-

Irish

Pronunciation

Etymology 1

From Old Irish cingid, cinnid (“steps, paces, proceeds, goes; overcomes, surpasses, excels, exceeds”).

Verb

cinn (present analytic cinneann, future analytic cinnfidh, verbal noun cinneadh, past participle cinnte) (transitive, intransitive)

  1. (literary) step
  2. (with ar)
    1. surpass, overcome
    2. be too much for
      Chinn orainn aon dul chun cinn a dhéanadh.
      We failed to make any progress.
Conjugation
conjugation of cinn (first conjugation – A)
singular plural relative autonomous
first second third first second third
indicative present cinnim cinneann tú;
cinnir†		 cinneann sé, sí cinnimid cinneann sibh cinneann siad;
cinnid†		 a chinneann; a chinneas /
a gcinneann*; a gcinneas*		 cinntear
past chinn mé; chinneas chinn tú; chinnis chinn sé, sí chinneamar; chinn muid chinn sibh; chinneabhair chinn siad; chinneadar a chinn /
ar chinn*		 cinneadh
past habitual chinninn / gcinninn‡‡ chinnteá / gcinnteᇇ chinneadh sé, sí / gcinneadh sé, s퇇 chinnimis; chinneadh muid / gcinnimis‡‡; gcinneadh muid‡‡ chinneadh sibh / gcinneadh sibh‡‡ chinnidís; chinneadh siad / gcinnidís‡‡; gcinneadh siad‡‡ a chinneadh /
a gcinneadh*		 chinntí / gcinnt퇇
future cinnfidh mé;
cinnfead		 cinnfidh tú;
cinnfir†		 cinnfidh sé, sí cinnfimid;
cinnfidh muid		 cinnfidh sibh cinnfidh siad;
cinnfid†		 a chinnfidh; a chinnfeas /
a gcinnfidh*; a gcinnfeas*		 cinnfear
conditional chinnfinn / gcinnfinn‡‡ chinnfeá / gcinnfeᇇ chinnfeadh sé, sí / gcinnfeadh sé, s퇇 chinnfimis; chinnfeadh muid / gcinnfimis‡‡; gcinnfeadh muid‡‡ chinnfeadh sibh / gcinnfeadh sibh‡‡ chinnfidís; chinnfeadh siad / gcinnfidís‡‡; gcinnfeadh siad‡‡ a chinnfeadh /
a gcinnfeadh*		 chinnfí / gcinnf퇇
subjunctive present go gcinne mé;
go gcinnead†		 go gcinne tú;
go gcinnir†		 go gcinne sé, sí go gcinnimid;
go gcinne muid		 go gcinne sibh go gcinne siad;
go gcinnid†		 — go gcinntear
past dá gcinninn dá gcinnteá dá gcinneadh sé, sí dá gcinnimis;
dá gcinneadh muid		 dá gcinneadh sibh dá gcinnidís;
dá gcinneadh siad		 — dá gcinntí
imperative cinnim cinn cinneadh sé, sí cinnimis cinnigí;
cinnidh†		 cinnidís — cinntear
verbal noun cinneadh
past participle cinnte

* indirect relative
† archaic or dialect form
‡‡ dependent form used with particles that trigger eclipsis

Etymology 2

From Old Irish cinnid (“defines, fixes, settles; completes, finishes; decides (on a course of action), makes a decision”), from cenn (“head”).

Verb

cinn (present analytic cinneann, future analytic cinnfidh, verbal noun cinneadh, past participle cinnte)

  1. (transitive, intransitive) fix, determine, decree, decide
Conjugation
conjugation of cinn (first conjugation – A)
singular plural relative autonomous
first second third first second third
indicative present cinnim cinneann tú;
cinnir†		 cinneann sé, sí cinnimid cinneann sibh cinneann siad;
cinnid†		 a chinneann; a chinneas /
a gcinneann*; a gcinneas*		 cinntear
past chinn mé; chinneas chinn tú; chinnis chinn sé, sí chinneamar; chinn muid chinn sibh; chinneabhair chinn siad; chinneadar a chinn /
ar chinn*		 cinneadh
past habitual chinninn / gcinninn‡‡ chinnteá / gcinnteᇇ chinneadh sé, sí / gcinneadh sé, s퇇 chinnimis; chinneadh muid / gcinnimis‡‡; gcinneadh muid‡‡ chinneadh sibh / gcinneadh sibh‡‡ chinnidís; chinneadh siad / gcinnidís‡‡; gcinneadh siad‡‡ a chinneadh /
a gcinneadh*		 chinntí / gcinnt퇇
future cinnfidh mé;
cinnfead		 cinnfidh tú;
cinnfir†		 cinnfidh sé, sí cinnfimid;
cinnfidh muid		 cinnfidh sibh cinnfidh siad;
cinnfid†		 a chinnfidh; a chinnfeas /
a gcinnfidh*; a gcinnfeas*		 cinnfear
conditional chinnfinn / gcinnfinn‡‡ chinnfeá / gcinnfeᇇ chinnfeadh sé, sí / gcinnfeadh sé, s퇇 chinnfimis; chinnfeadh muid / gcinnfimis‡‡; gcinnfeadh muid‡‡ chinnfeadh sibh / gcinnfeadh sibh‡‡ chinnfidís; chinnfeadh siad / gcinnfidís‡‡; gcinnfeadh siad‡‡ a chinnfeadh /
a gcinnfeadh*		 chinnfí / gcinnf퇇
subjunctive present go gcinne mé;
go gcinnead†		 go gcinne tú;
go gcinnir†		 go gcinne sé, sí go gcinnimid;
go gcinne muid		 go gcinne sibh go gcinne siad;
go gcinnid†		 — go gcinntear
past dá gcinninn dá gcinnteá dá gcinneadh sé, sí dá gcinnimis;
dá gcinneadh muid		 dá gcinneadh sibh dá gcinnidís;
dá gcinneadh siad		 — dá gcinntí
imperative cinnim cinn cinneadh sé, sí cinnimis cinnigí;
cinnidh†		 cinnidís — cinntear
verbal noun cinneadh
past participle cinnte

* indirect relative
† archaic or dialect form
‡‡ dependent form used with particles that trigger eclipsis

Etymology 3

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Alternative forms

Noun

cinn m

  1. inflection of ceann (“head”):
    1. vocative/genitive singular
    2. nominative/dative plural

Mutation
Irish mutation
Radical Lenition Eclipsis
cinn chinn gcinn
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

Further reading

Middle Irish

Noun

cinn

  1. inflection of cenn:
    1. genitive singular
    2. nominative plural

Mutation
Middle Irish mutation
RadicalLenitionNasalization
cinnchinncinn
pronounced with /ɡ(ʲ)-/
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every
possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

Old English

Etymology 1

From Proto-West Germanic *kinnu (“chin”).

Compare Old Frisian zin, Old Saxon, Old Dutch, and Old High German kinni, Old Norse kinn, Gothic 𐌺𐌹𐌽𐌽𐌿𐍃 (kinnus) and Latin gena, Ancient Greek γένυς (génus), Welsh gen, Tocharian A śanwem, Old Armenian ծնաւտ (cnawt), Lithuanian žandas, Persian چانه (čâne), Sanskrit हनु (hánu).

Alternative forms

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): /t͡ʃinn/, [t͡ʃin]

Noun

ċinn n

  1. chin
Declension
Declension of cinn (strong a-stem)
Case Singular Plural
nominative ċinn ċinn
accusative ċinn ċinn
genitive ċinnes ċinna
dative ċinne ċinnum
Descendants
  • Middle English: chyn, chin, chinne, chynne, shyne, schyn
    • English: chin
    • Scots: chin, chyn

Etymology 2

See cynn.

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): /kinn/, [kin]

Noun

cinn n

  1. Alternative form of cynn

Old Irish

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): /kʲin͈ʲ/

Noun

cinn

  1. genitive singular of cenn

Mutation
Old Irish mutation
RadicalLenitionNasalization
cinn chinn cinn
pronounced with /ɡ(ʲ)-/
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every
possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

Scottish Gaelic

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): /kʲʰiːɲ/

Etymology 1

From the root of cineal (“progeny, offspring”).

Verb

cinn (past chinn, future cinnidh, verbal noun cinntinn, past participle cinnte)

  1. grow
  2. increase, multiply
  3. prosper

Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Noun

cinn m

  1. inflection of ceann:
    1. genitive singular
    2. nominative plural

Mutation
Scottish Gaelic mutation
Radical Lenition
cinnchinn
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

References
  • Edward Dwelly (1911) “cinn”, in Faclair Gàidhlig gu Beurla le Dealbhan [The Illustrated Gaelic–English Dictionary]‎, 10th edition, Edinburgh: Birlinn Limited, →ISBN
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