capall

Irish
Capall

Etymology

From Old Irish capall, related to Welsh ceffyl and Latin caballus.

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): /ˈkapˠəl̪ˠ/

Noun

capall m (genitive singular capaill, nominative plural capaill)

  1. horse (large hoofed animal)
    Synonym: each
    Proverb: Is minic a rinne bromach gioblach capall cumasach. ― Many a ragged colt made a noble horse.
  2. (Ulster) mare
    Synonym: láir
  3. (genitive singular as attributive adjective) large, coarse (species of something)

Declension
Declension of capall

First declension

Bare forms:

Case Singular Plural
Nominative capall capaill
Vocative a chapaill a chapalla
Genitive capaill capall
Dative capall capaill

Forms with the definite article:

Case Singular Plural
Nominative an capall na capaill
Genitive an chapaill na gcapall
Dative leis an gcapall

don chapall

 leis na capaill

Hyponyms

Derived terms
  • ar chapall, ar dhroim capaill, ar muin capaill (“on horseback”, adverb)
  • athchapall m (“reserve horse; remount”)
  • beach chapaill f (“wasp”)
  • beithíoch capaill (“horse”)
  • buaic capaill (“crest of horse”)
  • capaill bhána m pl (“white horses, crested waves”)
  • capaillín m, gearrchapall m (“pony”)
  • capall ardfhola m (“thorough-bred horse”)
  • capall ardualaigh m (“pack-horse”)
  • capall ballach m (“piebald horse”)
  • capall breac m (“dapple-grey horse”)
  • capall buírua m (“light bay (horse)”)
  • capall céachta m (“plough-horse”)
  • capall ceannann m (“white-faced horse”)
  • capall cogaidh m (“charger”)
  • capall coille m (“capercaillie”)
  • capall cóiste m (“coach-horse”)
  • capall dealraitheach m (“a likely-looking horse”)
  • capall deargrua m (“sorrel”)
  • capall diallaite m (“saddle-horse”)
  • capall docheansaithe m (“untameable horse”)
  • capall faiteach m (“skittish horse”)
  • capall fiaigh m, capall seilge m (“hunter (horse)”)
  • capall folaíochta m (“thoroughbred horse”)
  • capall gleannach m (“hollow-backed horse”)
  • capall luascáin m (“rocking-horse”)
  • capall macánta m (“docile horse”)
  • capall maide m (“wooden, vaulting, horse; hobby-horse”)
  • capall mairceach m, capall na mairce m (“galled horse”)
  • capall marcaíochta m (“hackney”)
  • capall marclaigh m (“pack-horse”)
  • capall mear m (“fast, spirited, horse”)
  • capall neamhéasca m (“slow-moving horse”)
  • capall rása m (“racehorse”)
  • capall rua m (“chestnut horse”)
  • capall sáiteach m (“borer”)
  • capall sásta m (“manageable horse”)
  • capall scáfar m, sceiteog de chapall f (“shy horse”)
  • capall sceadach m (“horse with blaze”)
  • capall scóipiúil m (“free-striding horse”)
  • capall sealaíochta m (“relay horse”)
  • capall sliogánach m (“dapple-grey horse”)
  • capall stailce m (“stubborn, sulky, horse”)
  • capall stalcaireachta m (“stalking-horse”)
  • capall taghdach m (“temperamental horse”)
  • capall tarlaithe m (“draught-horse”)
  • capall tarraingthe m (“draught-horse”)
  • capall uaibhreach m (“spirited horse”)
  • capall ualaigh m (“pack-horse”)
  • capallach (“equine”, adjective)
  • ceannaí capall m (“horse-dealer”)
  • cinnire capaill m (“one leading a horse”)
  • cíor chapaill f (“curry-comb”)
  • cnó capaill m (“horse-chestnut”)
  • coiléar capaill m (“horse-collar”)
  • coirb capaill (“withers of horse”)
  • cóiste capaill (“horse-drawn coach”)
  • conablach capaill (“carcass of horse”)
  • croibhín capaill m, crúb capaill (“horse's hoof”)
  • crú capaill m (“horseshoe”)
  • cruimh chapaill f (“grub of tiger moth”)
  • cuingir chapall f (“yoke of horses”)
  • culaith capaill (“horse trappings, harness”)
  • cúlú capaill (“backing of horse”)
  • dailc de chapall (“squat horse”)
  • eireaball capaill (“horsetail”)
  • faocha chapaill f (“whelk”)
  • féar capaill m (“cat’s-tail grass”)
  • feoil chapaill f (“horsemeat”)
  • fia-chapall m (“wild horse”)
  • gabháil capaill (“the harnessing of a horse”)
  • gillín capaill m (“fine big horse”)
  • giolla capaill m (“horse-boy”)
  • láimhdeachas capaill (“handling of horse”)
  • leathchapall m (“medium-sized horse, cob”)
  • moing capaill (“horse’s mane”)
  • pana capaill (“horse-cloth, housing”)
  • péist chapaill f (“large caterpillar”)
  • rás capall (“horse race”)
  • rásaíocht chapall f (“horse-racing”)
  • scor capaill (“unyoking of horse”)
  • scothchapall m (“medium-sized horse”)
  • seamair chapaill f (“red clover”)
  • seangán capaill m (“black ant”)
  • seisreach chapall (“team of horses”)
  • seithe chapaill (“horsehide”)
  • seó capall (“horse show”)
  • sos capall (“relay of horses”)
  • speach chapaill (“horse's kick”)
  • sraoillín capall m (“string of horses”)
  • taispeántas capall (“horse-show”)
  • ualach capaill (“horse-load”)
  • umar capall (“horse-trough”)

Mutation
Irish mutation
Radical Lenition Eclipsis
capall chapall gcapall
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

References

Further reading
  • Entries containing “capall” in English-Irish Dictionary, An Gúm, 1959, by Tomás de Bhaldraithe.
  • Entries containing “capall” in New English-Irish Dictionary by Foras na Gaeilge.

Old Irish

Etymology

Uncertain. The Old Irish /p/ and the /f/ in Welsh ceffyl suggest an earlier *pp, making it impossible to be directly related to Gaulish Caballo-, which occurs in proper nouns. A common source of the Irish and Welsh words could be a hypothetical Vulgar Latin *cappillus, some kind of contamination of caballus (“horse”) and capellus (“small goat”). Latin caballus is assumed to be a borrowing from Gaulish. This might in turn be a Wanderwort originating in Asia, compare Ancient Greek καβάλλης (kabállēs, “a nag”).[1][2]

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): [ˈkapal͈]

Noun

capall m (genitive capaill, nominative plural capaill)

  1. horse

Inflection
Masculine o-stem
Singular Dual Plural
Nominative capall capallL capaillL
Vocative capaill capallL caipliuH
Accusative capallN capallL caipliuH
Genitive capaillL capall capallN
Dative capullL caiplib caiplib
Initial mutations of a following adjective:
  • H = triggers aspiration
  • L = triggers lenition
  • N = triggers nasalization

Descendants
  • Irish: capall
  • Manx: cabbyl
  • Scottish Gaelic: capall
  • → Old Norse: kapall

Mutation
Old Irish mutation
RadicalLenitionNasalization
capall chapall capall
pronounced with /ɡ(ʲ)-/
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every
possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

References
  1. Vendryes, Joseph (1987) Lexique Étymologique de l'Irlandais Ancien [Etymological lexicon of Old Irish] (in French), volume C, Dublin, Paris: Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies, Centre national de la recherche scientifique, pages C-33-34
  2. Thurneysen, Rudolf (1940, reprinted 2017) D. A. Binchy and Osborn Bergin, transl., A Grammar of Old Irish, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies, →ISBN, page 567

Further reading

Scottish Gaelic

Etymology

From Old Irish capall (“horse”), related to Welsh ceffyl and Latin caballus.

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): /ˈkʰahpəl̪ˠ/

Noun

capall m (genitive singular capaill, plural capaill)

  1. colt
  2. mare (female horse)

Usage notes
  • Even when meaning "mare", retains masculine gender.

Derived terms
  • capall-aibhne (“hippopotamus”)
  • capall-coille (“capercaillie”)
  • capall-lìn (“flax beater”)
  • capall-mara (“seahorse”)
  • capall-uallaich (“packhorse”)

Mutation
Scottish Gaelic mutation
Radical Lenition
capallchapall
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

Further reading
  • Edward Dwelly (1911) “capall”, in Faclair Gàidhlig gu Beurla le Dealbhan [The Illustrated Gaelic–English Dictionary]‎, 10th edition, Edinburgh: Birlinn Limited, →ISBN
  • G. Toner, M. Ní Mhaonaigh, S. Arbuthnot, D. Wodtko, M.-L. Theuerkauf, editors (2019), “capall”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
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