calquer

English

Etymology

calque +‎ -er

Noun

calquer (plural calquers)

  1. One who calques.
    • 2002, Manfred Görlach, Still More Englishes, page 144:
      This term became popular from the late 1960s onwards, languages being neatly divided between borrowers and calquers.

French

Etymology

Borrowed from Italian calcare, from Latin calcāre.

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): /kal.ke/
  • Audio(file)

Verb

calquer

  1. to model, to imitate, to copy
  2. to trace, to copy onto a sheet of paper superimposed over the original, by drawing over its lines

Conjugation
Conjugation of calquer (see also Appendix:French verbs)
infinitive simple calquer
compound avoir + past participle
present participle or gerund1 simple calquant
/kal.kɑ̃/
compound ayant + past participle
past participle calqué
/kal.ke/
singular plural
first second third first second third
indicative je (j’) tu il, elle, on nous vous ils, elles
(simple
tenses)		 present calque
/kalk/		 calques
/kalk/		 calque
/kalk/		 calquons
/kal.kɔ̃/		 calquez
/kal.ke/		 calquent
/kalk/
imperfect calquais
/kal.kɛ/		 calquais
/kal.kɛ/		 calquait
/kal.kɛ/		 calquions
/kal.kjɔ̃/		 calquiez
/kal.kje/		 calquaient
/kal.kɛ/
past historic2 calquai
/kal.ke/		 calquas
/kal.ka/		 calqua
/kal.ka/		 calquâmes
/kal.kam/		 calquâtes
/kal.kat/		 calquèrent
/kal.kɛʁ/
future calquerai
/kal.kə.ʁe/		 calqueras
/kal.kə.ʁa/		 calquera
/kal.kə.ʁa/		 calquerons
/kal.kə.ʁɔ̃/		 calquerez
/kal.kə.ʁe/		 calqueront
/kal.kə.ʁɔ̃/
conditional calquerais
/kal.kə.ʁɛ/		 calquerais
/kal.kə.ʁɛ/		 calquerait
/kal.kə.ʁɛ/		 calquerions
/kal.kə.ʁjɔ̃/		 calqueriez
/kal.kə.ʁje/		 calqueraient
/kal.kə.ʁɛ/
(compound
tenses)		 present perfect present indicative of avoir + past participle
pluperfect imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle
past anterior2 past historic of avoir + past participle
future perfect future of avoir + past participle
conditional perfect conditional of avoir + past participle
subjunctive que je (j’) que tu qu’il, qu’elle que nous que vous qu’ils, qu’elles
(simple
tenses)		 present calque
/kalk/		 calques
/kalk/		 calque
/kalk/		 calquions
/kal.kjɔ̃/		 calquiez
/kal.kje/		 calquent
/kalk/
imperfect2 calquasse
/kal.kas/		 calquasses
/kal.kas/		 calquât
/kal.ka/		 calquassions
/kal.ka.sjɔ̃/		 calquassiez
/kal.ka.sje/		 calquassent
/kal.kas/
(compound
tenses)		 past present subjunctive of avoir + past participle
pluperfect2 imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle
imperative – tu – nous vous –
simple — calque
/kalk/		 — calquons
/kal.kɔ̃/		 calquez
/kal.ke/		 —
compound — simple imperative of avoir + past participle — simple imperative of avoir + past participle simple imperative of avoir + past participle —
1 The French gerund is usable only with the preposition en.
2 In less formal writing or speech, these tenses may be found to have been replaced in the following way:
  • past historic → present perfect
  • past anterior → pluperfect
  • imperfect subjunctive → present subjunctive
  • pluperfect subjunctive → past subjunctive

(Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81).

Derived terms

Further reading
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