calfar
Catalan
Etymology
Inherited from Vulgar Latin *calfāre, from Latin cal(e)facere. Compare French chauffer.
Verb
calfar (first-person singular present calfo, first-person singular preterite calfí, past participle calfat)
- Synonym of escalfar
Conjugation
| infinitive | calfar | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| gerund | calfant | ||||||
| past participle | masculine | feminine | |||||
| singular | calfat | calfada | |||||
| plural | calfats | calfades | |||||
| person | singular | plural | |||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | jo | tu | ell/ella vostè |
nosaltres nós |
vosaltres vós |
ells/elles vostès | |
| present | calfo | calfes | calfa | calfem | calfeu | calfen | |
| imperfect | calfava | calfaves | calfava | calfàvem | calfàveu | calfaven | |
| future | calfaré | calfaràs | calfarà | calfarem | calfareu | calfaran | |
| preterite | calfí | calfares | calfà | calfàrem | calfàreu | calfaren | |
| conditional | calfaria | calfaries | calfaria | calfaríem | calfaríeu | calfarien | |
| subjunctive | jo | tu | ell/ella vostè |
nosaltres nós |
vosaltres vós |
ells/elles vostès | |
| present | calfi | calfis | calfi | calfem | calfeu | calfin | |
| imperfect | calfés | calfessis | calfés | calféssim | calféssiu | calfessin | |
| imperative | — | tu | vostè | nosaltres | vosaltres vós |
vostès | |
| affirmative | — | calfa | calfi | calfem | calfeu | calfin | |
| negative (no) | — | no calfis | no calfi | no calfem | no calfeu | no calfin | |
Further reading
- “calfar” in Diccionari de la llengua catalana, segona edició, Institut d’Estudis Catalans.
- “calfar”, in Gran Diccionari de la Llengua Catalana, Grup Enciclopèdia Catalana, 2024
- “calfar” in Diccionari normatiu valencià, Acadèmia Valenciana de la Llengua.
- “calfar” in Diccionari català-valencià-balear, Antoni Maria Alcover and Francesc de Borja Moll, 1962.
Occitan
Alternative forms
- caufar, chaufar
Etymology
From Old Occitan calfar, from Vulgar Latin *calfāre, from Latin cal(e)facere.
Pronunciation
Conjugation
Lengadocian (Central Occitan)| simple | compound | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| infinitive | calfar | aver calfat | |||||
| gerund | calfant | use gerund of aver + past participle | |||||
| past participle | calfat | — | |||||
| person | singular | plural | |||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | ieu | tu | el | nosautres | vosautres | eles | |
| present | calfi | calfas | calfa | calfam | calfatz | calfan | |
| imperfect | calfavi | calfavas | calfava | calfàvem | calfàvetz | calfavan | |
| preterite | calfèri | calfères | calfèt | calfèrem | calfèretz | calfèron | |
| future | calfarai | calfaràs | calfarà | calfarem | calfaretz | calfaràn | |
| conditional | calfariái | calfariás | calfariá | calfariam | calfariatz | calfarián | |
| conditional 2nd form1 | calfèra | calfèras | calfèra | calferam | calferatz | calfèran | |
| compound tenses |
present perfect | use the present tense of aver + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | use the imperfect tense of aver + past participle | ||||||
| past anterior | use the preterite tense of aver + past participle | ||||||
| future perfect | use the future tense of aver + past participle | ||||||
| conditional perfect | use the conditional tense of aver + past participle | ||||||
| subjunctive | que ieu | que tu | que el | que nosautres | que vosautres | que eles | |
| present | calfe | calfes | calfe | calfem | calfetz | calfen | |
| imperfect | calfèssi | calfèsses | calfèsse | calfèssem | calfèssetz | calfèsson | |
| compound tenses |
past | use the present subjunctive of aver + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | use the imperfect subjunctive of aver + past participle | ||||||
| imperative | — | tu | — | nosautres | vosautres | — | |
| calfa | calfem | calfatz | 1Now chiefly obsolete, still in use in some Limousin and Vivaro-Alpin dialects | ||||
Auvernhàs| simple | compound | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| infinitive | calfar | aver calfat | |||||
| gerund | calfant | use gerund of aver + past participle | |||||
| past participle | calfat | — | |||||
| person | singular | plural | |||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | ieu | tu | el | nosautres | vosautres | eles | |
| present | calfe | calfes | calfa | calfam | calfatz | calfon | |
| imperfect | calfave | calfaves | calfava | calfaviam | calfaviatz | calfavon | |
| preterite | calfere | calferes | calfet | calfem | calfetz | calferon | |
| future | calfarai | calfaràs | calfará | calfarem | calfaretz | calfarán | |
| conditional | calfariá | calfariás | calfariá | calfariam | calfariatz | calfarián | |
| conditional 2nd form1 | calfèra | calfèras | calfèra | calferam | calferatz | calfèran | |
| compound tenses |
present perfect | use the present tense of aver + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | use the imperfect tense of aver + past participle | ||||||
| past anterior | use the preterite tense of aver + past participle | ||||||
| future perfect | use the future tense of aver + past participle | ||||||
| conditional perfect | use the conditional tense of aver + past participle | ||||||
| subjunctive | que ieu | que tu | que el | que nosautres | que vosautres | que eles | |
| present | calfe | calfes | calfe | calfassiam | calfassiatz | calfon | |
| imperfect | calfesse | calfesses | calfesse | calfessiam | calfessiatz | calfesson | |
| compound tenses |
past | use the present subjunctive of aver + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | use the imperfect subjunctive of aver + past participle | ||||||
| imperative | — | tu | — | nosautres | vosautres | — | |
| calfa | calfassiam | calfatz | 1Now chiefly obsolete, still in use in some Limousin and Vivaro-Alpin dialects | ||||
Gascon| simple | compound | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| infinitive | calfar | aver calfat | |||||
| gerund | calfant | use gerund of aver + past participle | |||||
| past participle | calfat | — | |||||
| person | singular | plural | |||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | ieu | tu | el | nosautres | vosautres | eles | |
| present | calfi | calfas | calfa | calfam | calfatz | calfan | |
| imperfect | calfavi | calfavas | calfava | calfàvam | calfàvatz | calfavan | |
| preterite | calfèi | calfès | calfè | calfèm | calfètz | calfèn | |
| future | calfarèi | calfaràs | calfarà | calfaram | calfaratz | calfaràn | |
| conditional | calfarí | calfarés | calfaré | calfarem | calfaretz | calfarén | |
| conditional 2nd form1 | calfèra | calfèras | calfèra | calferam | calferatz | calfèran | |
| compound tenses |
present perfect | use the present tense of aver + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | use the imperfect tense of aver + past participle | ||||||
| past anterior | use the preterite tense of aver + past participle | ||||||
| future perfect | use the future tense of aver + past participle | ||||||
| conditional perfect | use the conditional tense of aver + past participle | ||||||
| subjunctive | que ieu | que tu | que el | que nosautres | que vosautres | que eles | |
| present | calfi | calfes | calfe | calfem | calfetz | calfen | |
| imperfect | calfèssi | calfèsses | calfèsse | calfèssem | calfèssetz | calfèssen | |
| compound tenses |
past | use the present subjunctive of aver + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | use the imperfect subjunctive of aver + past participle | ||||||
| imperative | — | tu | — | nosautres | vosautres | — | |
| calfa | calfem | calfatz | 1Now chiefly obsolete, still in use in some Limousin and Vivaro-Alpin dialects | ||||
Lemosin| simple | compound | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| infinitive | calfar | aver calfat | |||||
| gerund | calfant | use gerund of aver + past participle | |||||
| past participle | calfat | — | |||||
| person | singular | plural | |||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | ieu | tu | el | nosautres | vosautres | eles | |
| present | calfe | calfas | calfa | calfam | calfatz | calfan | |
| imperfect | calfava | calfavas | calfava | calfàvam | calfàvatz | calfavan | |
| preterite | calfei | calferas | calfet | calfèram | calfèratz | calferan | |
| future | calfarai | calfaràs | calfará | calfarem | calfaretz | calfarán | |
| conditional | calfariá | calfariàs | calfariá | calfariam | calfariatz | calfarián | |
| conditional 2nd form1 | calfèra | calfèras | calfèra | calferam | calferatz | calfèran | |
| compound tenses |
present perfect | use the present tense of aver + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | use the imperfect tense of aver + past participle | ||||||
| past anterior | use the preterite tense of aver + past participle | ||||||
| future perfect | use the future tense of aver + past participle | ||||||
| conditional perfect | use the conditional tense of aver + past participle | ||||||
| subjunctive | que ieu | que tu | que el | que nosautres | que vosautres | que eles | |
| present | calfe | calfes | calfe | calfem | calfetz | calfen | |
| imperfect | calfèsse | calfèsses | calfèsse | calfèssem | calfèssetz | calfèssen | |
| compound tenses |
past | use the present subjunctive of aver + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | use the imperfect subjunctive of aver + past participle | ||||||
| imperative | — | tu | — | nosautres | vosautres | — | |
| calfa | calfem | calfatz | 1Now chiefly obsolete, still in use in some Limousin and Vivaro-Alpin dialects | ||||
Provençau| simple | compound | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| infinitive | calfar | aver calfat | |||||
| gerund | calfant | use gerund of aver + past participle | |||||
| past participle | calfat | — | |||||
| person | singular | plural | |||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | ieu | tu | el | nosautres | vosautres | eles | |
| present | calfe | calfes | calfa | calfam | calfatz | calfan | |
| imperfect | calfavi | calfavas | calfava | calfàvem | calfàvetz | calfavan | |
| preterite | calfère | calfères | calfèt | calferiam | calferiatz | calfèron | |
| future | calfarai | calfaràs | calfarà | calfarem | calfaretz | calfaràn | |
| conditional | calfariáu | calfariás | calfariá | calfariam | calfariatz | calfarián | |
| conditional 2nd form1 | calfèra | calfèras | calfèra | calferam | calferatz | calfèran | |
| compound tenses |
present perfect | use the present tense of aver + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | use the imperfect tense of aver + past participle | ||||||
| past anterior | use the preterite tense of aver + past participle | ||||||
| future perfect | use the future tense of aver + past participle | ||||||
| conditional perfect | use the conditional tense of aver + past participle | ||||||
| subjunctive | que ieu | que tu | que el | que nosautres | que vosautres | que eles | |
| present | calfe | calfes | calfe | calfem | calfetz | calfan | |
| imperfect | calfèsse | calfèsses | calfèsse | calfessiam | calfessiatz | calfèsson | |
| compound tenses |
past | use the present subjunctive of aver + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | use the imperfect subjunctive of aver + past participle | ||||||
| imperative | — | tu | — | nosautres | vosautres | — | |
| calfa | calfem | calfatz | 1Now chiefly obsolete, still in use in some Limousin and Vivaro-Alpin dialects | ||||
References
- Müller, Daniela. 2011. Developments of the lateral in Occitan dialects and their Romance and cross-linguistic context. Ph.D. Dissertation. University of Toulouse.
- Müller 2011: 41. Likewise for the other five pronunciations.
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