bríathar
See also: briathar
Old Irish
Etymology
From Proto-Celtic *brētrā (“word”), also "battle," perhaps related to *brē-, *bri- (“to cut”), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰerH- (“to strike”); compare Welsh brwydr (“fight, combat”).[1]
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈbʲrʲiːa̯θər/
Noun
bríathar f (genitive bré(i)thre, nominative plural bríathra)
- word
- c. 800, Würzburg Glosses on the Pauline Epistles, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 499–712, Wb. 17b5
- Ammi túailṅge ar mbréthre.
- We are potent in our word.
- (literally, “We are of the ability of our word.”)
- c. 800, Würzburg Glosses on the Pauline Epistles, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 499–712, Wb. 29a12
- indhí pridchite et for·chanat bréthir Dǽ
- those who preach and teach God’s word
- c. 800, Würzburg Glosses on the Pauline Epistles, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 499–712, Wb. 17b5
- speech, talk
- (linguistics) verb
- c. 845, St Gall Glosses on Priscian, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1975, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. II, pp. 49–224, Sg. 159a3
- Is airi ní táet comṡuidigud fri rangabáil, húare as coibnesta do bréthir: ar is lour comṡuidigud fri suidi, air bid comṡuidigud etarscartha comṡuidigud rangabálae.
- This is why composition does not occur with a participle, because it is akin to a verb: for composition with the latter is sufficient, for composition of a participle will be separated composition.
- c. 845, St Gall Glosses on Priscian, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1975, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. II, pp. 49–224, Sg. 159a3
Inflection
| Feminine ā-stem | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Singular | Dual | Plural | |
| Nominative | bríatharL | bréthirL, bréithir | bríathraH |
| Vocative | bríatharL | bréthirL, bréithir | bríathraH |
| Accusative | bréthirN, bréithir | bréthirL, bréithir | bríathraH |
| Genitive | bréthreH, bréithre | bríatharL | bríatharN |
| Dative | bréthirL, bréithir | bríathraib | bríathraib |
Initial mutations of a following adjective:
| |||
Mutation
| Old Irish mutation | ||
|---|---|---|
| Radical | Lenition | Nasalization |
| bríathar | bríathar pronounced with /v(ʲ)-/ |
mbríathar |
| Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs. | ||
References
- Pokorny, Julius (1959) chapter 166, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 1, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 166
Further reading
- G. Toner, M. Ní Mhaonaigh, S. Arbuthnot, D. Wodtko, M.-L. Theuerkauf, editors (2019), “bríathar”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
- Matasović, Ranko (2009) Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 77
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