birok
Hungarian
Etymology
First attested in 1846. Back-formation from birkózik.[1] The derivation bír + -ok has also been suggested as an alternative.[2][3]
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [ˈbirok]
- Hyphenation: bi‧rok
- Rhymes: -ok
Declension
Currently only the form birokra is used; some other singular forms occur sporadically.
| Inflection (stem in -o-, back harmony) | ||
|---|---|---|
| singular | plural | |
| nominative | birok | — |
| accusative | birkot | — |
| dative | biroknak | — |
| instrumental | birokkal | — |
| causal-final | birokért | — |
| translative | birokká | — |
| terminative | birokig | — |
| essive-formal | birokként | — |
| essive-modal | — | — |
| inessive | birokban | — |
| superessive | birokon | — |
| adessive | biroknál | — |
| illative | birokba | — |
| sublative | birokra | — |
| allative | birokhoz | — |
| elative | birokból | — |
| delative | birokról | — |
| ablative | biroktól | — |
| non-attributive possessive - singular |
biroké | — |
| non-attributive possessive - plural |
birokéi | — |
Derived terms
Compound words (uncommon)
- birokharc
- birokhős
- biroktusa
- birokverseny
Expressions
- birokra kel
References
- Benkő, Loránd, ed. A magyar nyelv történeti-etimológiai szótára I–IV. (“The Historical-Etymological Dictionary of the Hungarian Language”). Budapest: Akadémiai, 1967–1984. →ISBN. Vol. 1: A–Gy (1967), vol. 2: H–O (1970), vol. 3: Ö–Zs (1976), vol. 4: index (1984).
- birok in Zaicz, Gábor (ed.). Etimológiai szótár: Magyar szavak és toldalékok eredete (‘Dictionary of Etymology: The origin of Hungarian words and affixes’). Budapest: Tinta Könyvkiadó, 2006, →ISBN. (See also its 2nd edition.)
- birkózik in Gerstner, Károly (ed.). Új magyar etimológiai szótár. (’New Etymological Dictionary of Hungarian’). Beta version. Budapest, MTA Nyelvtudományi Intézet / Magyar Nyelvtudományi Kutatóközpont, 2011–2022. (Research Institute for Linguistics, Hungary). Language abbreviations
Further reading
- birok in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (‘The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language’, abbr.: ÉrtSz.). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN
- birok in Ittzés, Nóra (ed.). A magyar nyelv nagyszótára (‘A Comprehensive Dictionary of the Hungarian Language’). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 2006–2031 (work in progress; published A–ez as of 2024)
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