bingelela
Zulu
Inflection
Tone L | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Infinitive | ukubingelela | ||||||||
Positive | Negative | ||||||||
Infinitive | ukubingelela | ukungabingeleli | |||||||
Imperative | |||||||||
Simple | + object concord | ||||||||
Singular | bingelela | -bingelele | |||||||
Plural | bingelelani | -bingeleleni | |||||||
Present | |||||||||
Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial | ||||
1st singular | ngiyabingelela, ngibingelela | engibingelelayo, engibingelela | ngibingelela | angibingeleli | engingabingeleli | ngingabingeleli | |||
2nd singular | uyabingelela, ubingelela | obingelelayo, obingelela | ubingelela | awubingeleli | ongabingeleli | ungabingeleli | |||
1st plural | siyabingelela, sibingelela | esibingelelayo, esibingelela | sibingelela | asibingeleli | esingabingeleli | singabingeleli | |||
2nd plural | niyabingelela, nibingelela | enibingelelayo, enibingelela | nibingelela | anibingeleli | eningabingeleli | ningabingeleli | |||
Class 1 | uyabingelela, ubingelela | obingelelayo, obingelela | ebingelela | akabingeleli | ongabingeleli | engabingeleli | |||
Class 2 | bayabingelela, babingelela | ababingelelayo, ababingelela | bebingelela | ababingeleli | abangabingeleli | bengabingeleli | |||
Class 3 | uyabingelela, ubingelela | obingelelayo, obingelela | ubingelela | awubingeleli | ongabingeleli | ungabingeleli | |||
Class 4 | iyabingelela, ibingelela | ebingelelayo, ebingelela | ibingelela | ayibingeleli | engabingeleli | ingabingeleli | |||
Class 5 | liyabingelela, libingelela | elibingelelayo, elibingelela | libingelela | alibingeleli | elingabingeleli | lingabingeleli | |||
Class 6 | ayabingelela, abingelela | abingelelayo, abingelela | ebingelela | awabingeleli | angabingeleli | engabingeleli | |||
Class 7 | siyabingelela, sibingelela | esibingelelayo, esibingelela | sibingelela | asibingeleli | esingabingeleli | singabingeleli | |||
Class 8 | ziyabingelela, zibingelela | ezibingelelayo, ezibingelela | zibingelela | azibingeleli | ezingabingeleli | zingabingeleli | |||
Class 9 | iyabingelela, ibingelela | ebingelelayo, ebingelela | ibingelela | ayibingeleli | engabingeleli | ingabingeleli | |||
Class 10 | ziyabingelela, zibingelela | ezibingelelayo, ezibingelela | zibingelela | azibingeleli | ezingabingeleli | zingabingeleli | |||
Class 11 | luyabingelela, lubingelela | olubingelelayo, olubingelela | lubingelela | alubingeleli | olungabingeleli | lungabingeleli | |||
Class 14 | buyabingelela, bubingelela | obubingelelayo, obubingelela | bubingelela | abubingeleli | obungabingeleli | bungabingeleli | |||
Class 15 | kuyabingelela, kubingelela | okubingelelayo, okubingelela | kubingelela | akubingeleli | okungabingeleli | kungabingeleli | |||
Class 17 | kuyabingelela, kubingelela | okubingelelayo, okubingelela | kubingelela | akubingeleli | okungabingeleli | kungabingeleli | |||
Recent past | |||||||||
Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial | ||||
1st singular | ngibingelelile, ngibingelelē | engibingelelile, engibingelelē | ngibingelelile, ngibingelelē | angibingelelanga | engingabingelelanga | ngingabingelelanga | |||
2nd singular | ubingelelile, ubingelelē | obingelelile, obingelelē | ubingelelile, ubingelelē | awubingelelanga | ongabingelelanga | ungabingelelanga | |||
1st plural | sibingelelile, sibingelelē | esibingelelile, esibingelelē | sibingelelile, sibingelelē | asibingelelanga | esingabingelelanga | singabingelelanga | |||
2nd plural | nibingelelile, nibingelelē | enibingelelile, enibingelelē | nibingelelile, nibingelelē | anibingelelanga | eningabingelelanga | ningabingelelanga | |||
Class 1 | ubingelelile, ubingelelē | obingelelile, obingelelē | ebingelelile, ebingelelē | akabingelelanga | ongabingelelanga | engabingelelanga | |||
Class 2 | babingelelile, babingelelē | ababingelelile, ababingelelē | bebingelelile, bebingelelē | ababingelelanga | abangabingelelanga | bengabingelelanga | |||
Class 3 | ubingelelile, ubingelelē | obingelelile, obingelelē | ubingelelile, ubingelelē | awubingelelanga | ongabingelelanga | ungabingelelanga | |||
Class 4 | ibingelelile, ibingelelē | ebingelelile, ebingelelē | ibingelelile, ibingelelē | ayibingelelanga | engabingelelanga | ingabingelelanga | |||
Class 5 | libingelelile, libingelelē | elibingelelile, elibingelelē | libingelelile, libingelelē | alibingelelanga | elingabingelelanga | lingabingelelanga | |||
Class 6 | abingelelile, abingelelē | abingelelile, abingelelē | ebingelelile, ebingelelē | awabingelelanga | angabingelelanga | engabingelelanga | |||
Class 7 | sibingelelile, sibingelelē | esibingelelile, esibingelelē | sibingelelile, sibingelelē | asibingelelanga | esingabingelelanga | singabingelelanga | |||
Class 8 | zibingelelile, zibingelelē | ezibingelelile, ezibingelelē | zibingelelile, zibingelelē | azibingelelanga | ezingabingelelanga | zingabingelelanga | |||
Class 9 | ibingelelile, ibingelelē | ebingelelile, ebingelelē | ibingelelile, ibingelelē | ayibingelelanga | engabingelelanga | ingabingelelanga | |||
Class 10 | zibingelelile, zibingelelē | ezibingelelile, ezibingelelē | zibingelelile, zibingelelē | azibingelelanga | ezingabingelelanga | zingabingelelanga | |||
Class 11 | lubingelelile, lubingelelē | olubingelelile, olubingelelē | lubingelelile, lubingelelē | alubingelelanga | olungabingelelanga | lungabingelelanga | |||
Class 14 | bubingelelile, bubingelelē | obubingelelile, obubingelelē | bubingelelile, bubingelelē | abubingelelanga | obungabingelelanga | bungabingelelanga | |||
Class 15 | kubingelelile, kubingelelē | okubingelelile, okubingelelē | kubingelelile, kubingelelē | akubingelelanga | okungabingelelanga | kungabingelelanga | |||
Class 17 | kubingelelile, kubingelelē | okubingelelile, okubingelelē | kubingelelile, kubingelelē | akubingelelanga | okungabingelelanga | kungabingelelanga | |||
Remote past | |||||||||
Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial | ||||
1st singular | ngābingelela | engābingelela | ngābingelela | angibingelelanga | engingabingelelanga | ngingabingelelanga | |||
2nd singular | wābingelela | owābingelela | wābingelela | awubingelelanga | ongabingelelanga | ungabingelelanga | |||
1st plural | sābingelela | esābingelela | sābingelela | asibingelelanga | esingabingelelanga | singabingelelanga | |||
2nd plural | nābingelela | enābingelela | nābingelela | anibingelelanga | eningabingelelanga | ningabingelelanga | |||
Class 1 | wābingelela | owābingelela | ābingelela | akabingelelanga | ongabingelelanga | engabingelelanga | |||
Class 2 | bābingelela | abābingelela | bābingelela | ababingelelanga | abangabingelelanga | bengabingelelanga | |||
Class 3 | wābingelela | owābingelela | wābingelela | awubingelelanga | ongabingelelanga | ungabingelelanga | |||
Class 4 | yābingelela | eyābingelela | yābingelela | ayibingelelanga | engabingelelanga | ingabingelelanga | |||
Class 5 | lābingelela | elābingelela | lābingelela | alibingelelanga | elingabingelelanga | lingabingelelanga | |||
Class 6 | ābingelela | ābingelela | ābingelela | awabingelelanga | angabingelelanga | engabingelelanga | |||
Class 7 | sābingelela | esābingelela | sābingelela | asibingelelanga | esingabingelelanga | singabingelelanga | |||
Class 8 | zābingelela | ezābingelela | zābingelela | azibingelelanga | ezingabingelelanga | zingabingelelanga | |||
Class 9 | yābingelela | eyābingelela | yābingelela | ayibingelelanga | engabingelelanga | ingabingelelanga | |||
Class 10 | zābingelela | ezābingelela | zābingelela | azibingelelanga | ezingabingelelanga | zingabingelelanga | |||
Class 11 | lwābingelela | olwābingelela | lwābingelela | alubingelelanga | olungabingelelanga | lungabingelelanga | |||
Class 14 | bābingelela | obābingelela | bābingelela | abubingelelanga | obungabingelelanga | bungabingelelanga | |||
Class 15 | kwābingelela | okwābingelela | kwābingelela | akubingelelanga | okungabingelelanga | kungabingelelanga | |||
Class 17 | kwābingelela | okwābingelela | kwābingelela | akubingelelanga | okungabingelelanga | kungabingelelanga | |||
Potential | |||||||||
Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial | ||||
1st singular | ngingabingelela | — | ngingabingelela | ngingebingelele | — | ngingebingelele | |||
2nd singular | ungabingelela | — | ungabingelela | ungebingelele | — | ungebingelele | |||
1st plural | singabingelela | — | singabingelela | singebingelele | — | singebingelele | |||
2nd plural | ningabingelela | — | ningabingelela | ningebingelele | — | ningebingelele | |||
Class 1 | angabingelela | — | engabingelela | angebingelele | — | engebingelele | |||
Class 2 | bangabingelela | — | bengabingelela | bangebingelele | — | bengebingelele | |||
Class 3 | ungabingelela | — | ungabingelela | ungebingelele | — | ungebingelele | |||
Class 4 | ingabingelela | — | ingabingelela | ingebingelele | — | ingebingelele | |||
Class 5 | lingabingelela | — | lingabingelela | lingebingelele | — | lingebingelele | |||
Class 6 | angabingelela | — | engabingelela | angebingelele | — | engebingelele | |||
Class 7 | singabingelela | — | singabingelela | singebingelele | — | singebingelele | |||
Class 8 | zingabingelela | — | zingabingelela | zingebingelele | — | zingebingelele | |||
Class 9 | ingabingelela | — | ingabingelela | ingebingelele | — | ingebingelele | |||
Class 10 | zingabingelela | — | zingabingelela | zingebingelele | — | zingebingelele | |||
Class 11 | lungabingelela | — | lungabingelela | lungebingelele | — | lungebingelele | |||
Class 14 | bungabingelela | — | bungabingelela | bungebingelele | — | bungebingelele | |||
Class 15 | kungabingelela | — | kungabingelela | kungebingelele | — | kungebingelele | |||
Class 17 | kungabingelela | — | kungabingelela | kungebingelele | — | kungebingelele | |||
Immediate future | |||||||||
Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial | ||||
1st singular | ngizobingelela | engizobingelela | ngizobingelela | angizubingelela | engingezubingelela | ngingezubingelela | |||
2nd singular | uzobingelela | ozobingelela | uzobingelela | awuzubingelela | ongezubingelela | ungezubingelela | |||
1st plural | sizobingelela | esizobingelela | sizobingelela | asizubingelela | esingezubingelela | singezubingelela | |||
2nd plural | nizobingelela | enizobingelela | nizobingelela | anizubingelela | eningezubingelela | ningezubingelela | |||
Class 1 | uzobingelela | ozobingelela | ezobingelela | akazubingelela | ongezubingelela | engezubingelela | |||
Class 2 | bazobingelela | abazobingelela | bezobingelela | abazubingelela | abangezubingelela | bengezubingelela | |||
Class 3 | uzobingelela | ozobingelela | uzobingelela | awuzubingelela | ongezubingelela | ungezubingelela | |||
Class 4 | izobingelela | ezobingelela | izobingelela | ayizubingelela | engezubingelela | ingezubingelela | |||
Class 5 | lizobingelela | elizobingelela | lizobingelela | alizubingelela | elingezubingelela | lingezubingelela | |||
Class 6 | azobingelela | azobingelela | ezobingelela | awazubingelela | angezubingelela | engezubingelela | |||
Class 7 | sizobingelela | esizobingelela | sizobingelela | asizubingelela | esingezubingelela | singezubingelela | |||
Class 8 | zizobingelela | ezizobingelela | zizobingelela | azizubingelela | ezingezubingelela | zingezubingelela | |||
Class 9 | izobingelela | ezobingelela | izobingelela | ayizubingelela | engezubingelela | ingezubingelela | |||
Class 10 | zizobingelela | ezizobingelela | zizobingelela | azizubingelela | ezingezubingelela | zingezubingelela | |||
Class 11 | luzobingelela | oluzobingelela | luzobingelela | aluzubingelela | olungezubingelela | lungezubingelela | |||
Class 14 | buzobingelela | obuzobingelela | buzobingelela | abuzubingelela | obungezubingelela | bungezubingelela | |||
Class 15 | kuzobingelela | okuzobingelela | kuzobingelela | akuzubingelela | okungezubingelela | kungezubingelela | |||
Class 17 | kuzobingelela | okuzobingelela | kuzobingelela | akuzubingelela | okungezubingelela | kungezubingelela | |||
Remote future | |||||||||
Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial | ||||
1st singular | ngiyobingelela | engiyobingelela | ngiyobingelela | angiyubingelela | engingeyubingelela | ngingeyubingelela | |||
2nd singular | uyobingelela | oyobingelela | uyobingelela | awuyubingelela | ongeyubingelela | ungeyubingelela | |||
1st plural | siyobingelela | esiyobingelela | siyobingelela | asiyubingelela | esingeyubingelela | singeyubingelela | |||
2nd plural | niyobingelela | eniyobingelela | niyobingelela | aniyubingelela | eningeyubingelela | ningeyubingelela | |||
Class 1 | uyobingelela | oyobingelela | eyobingelela | akayubingelela | ongeyubingelela | engeyubingelela | |||
Class 2 | bayobingelela | abayobingelela | beyobingelela | abayubingelela | abangeyubingelela | bengeyubingelela | |||
Class 3 | uyobingelela | oyobingelela | uyobingelela | awuyubingelela | ongeyubingelela | ungeyubingelela | |||
Class 4 | iyobingelela | eyobingelela | iyobingelela | ayiyubingelela | engeyubingelela | ingeyubingelela | |||
Class 5 | liyobingelela | eliyobingelela | liyobingelela | aliyubingelela | elingeyubingelela | lingeyubingelela | |||
Class 6 | ayobingelela | ayobingelela | eyobingelela | awayubingelela | angeyubingelela | engeyubingelela | |||
Class 7 | siyobingelela | esiyobingelela | siyobingelela | asiyubingelela | esingeyubingelela | singeyubingelela | |||
Class 8 | ziyobingelela | eziyobingelela | ziyobingelela | aziyubingelela | ezingeyubingelela | zingeyubingelela | |||
Class 9 | iyobingelela | eyobingelela | iyobingelela | ayiyubingelela | engeyubingelela | ingeyubingelela | |||
Class 10 | ziyobingelela | eziyobingelela | ziyobingelela | aziyubingelela | ezingeyubingelela | zingeyubingelela | |||
Class 11 | luyobingelela | oluyobingelela | luyobingelela | aluyubingelela | olungeyubingelela | lungeyubingelela | |||
Class 14 | buyobingelela | obuyobingelela | buyobingelela | abuyubingelela | obungeyubingelela | bungeyubingelela | |||
Class 15 | kuyobingelela | okuyobingelela | kuyobingelela | akuyubingelela | okungeyubingelela | kungeyubingelela | |||
Class 17 | kuyobingelela | okuyobingelela | kuyobingelela | akuyubingelela | okungeyubingelela | kungeyubingelela | |||
Present subjunctive | |||||||||
Positive | Negative | ||||||||
1st singular | ngibingelele | ngingabingeleli | |||||||
2nd singular | ubingelele | ungabingeleli | |||||||
1st plural | sibingelele | singabingeleli | |||||||
2nd plural | nibingelele | ningabingeleli | |||||||
Class 1 | abingelele | angabingeleli | |||||||
Class 2 | babingelele | bangabingeleli | |||||||
Class 3 | ubingelele | ungabingeleli | |||||||
Class 4 | ibingelele | ingabingeleli | |||||||
Class 5 | libingelele | lingabingeleli | |||||||
Class 6 | abingelele | angabingeleli | |||||||
Class 7 | sibingelele | singabingeleli | |||||||
Class 8 | zibingelele | zingabingeleli | |||||||
Class 9 | ibingelele | ingabingeleli | |||||||
Class 10 | zibingelele | zingabingeleli | |||||||
Class 11 | lubingelele | lungabingeleli | |||||||
Class 14 | bubingelele | bungabingeleli | |||||||
Class 15 | kubingelele | kungabingeleli | |||||||
Class 17 | kubingelele | kungabingeleli | |||||||
Past subjunctive | |||||||||
Positive | Negative | ||||||||
1st singular | ngabingelela | ngangabingelela, angabingelela, angangabingelela | |||||||
2nd singular | wabingelela | wangabingelela, awabingelela, awangabingelela | |||||||
1st plural | sabingelela | sangabingelela, asabingelela, asangabingelela | |||||||
2nd plural | nabingelela | nangabingelela, anabingelela, anangabingelela | |||||||
Class 1 | wabingelela | wangabingelela, akabingelela, akangabingelela | |||||||
Class 2 | babingelela | bangabingelela, ababingelela, abangabingelela | |||||||
Class 3 | wabingelela | wangabingelela, awabingelela, awangabingelela | |||||||
Class 4 | yabingelela | yangabingelela, ayabingelela, ayangabingelela | |||||||
Class 5 | labingelela | langabingelela, alabingelela, alangabingelela | |||||||
Class 6 | abingelela | angabingelela, awabingelela, awangabingelela | |||||||
Class 7 | sabingelela | sangabingelela, asabingelela, asangabingelela | |||||||
Class 8 | zabingelela | zangabingelela, azabingelela, azangabingelela | |||||||
Class 9 | yabingelela | yangabingelela, ayabingelela, ayangabingelela | |||||||
Class 10 | zabingelela | zangabingelela, azabingelela, azangabingelela | |||||||
Class 11 | lwabingelela | lwangabingelela, alwabingelela, alwangabingelela | |||||||
Class 14 | babingelela | bangabingelela, ababingelela, abangabingelela | |||||||
Class 15 | kwabingelela | kwangabingelela, akwabingelela, akwangabingelela | |||||||
Class 17 | kwabingelela | kwangabingelela, akwabingelela, akwangabingelela |
References
- C. M. Doke, B. W. Vilakazi (1972) “ɓingelela”, in Zulu-English Dictionary, →ISBN: “ɓingelela (3.3.2.9)”
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