bacterium
English
3D diagram of a bacterium
Shapes of bacteria
Etymology
From New Latin bactērium, from Ancient Greek βακτήριον (baktḗrion, “small staff”), from βακτηρία (baktēría).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /bækˈtɪəɹ.ɪəm/
Audio (US) (file) - Rhymes: -ɪəɹiəm
Noun
bacterium (plural bacteria or (uncommon, possibly nonstandard) bacteriums)
- (microbiology) A single-celled organism with cell walls but no nucleus or organelles.
- 2013 July 20, “Welcome to the plastisphere”, in The Economist, volume 408, number 8845:
- Plastics are energy-rich substances, which is why many of them burn so readily. Any organism that could unlock and use that energy would do well in the Anthropocene. Terrestrial bacteria and fungi which can manage this trick are already familiar to experts in the field.
Usage notes
- In most formal writing, bacterium is the singular form of the noun, and bacteria the plural form. This is in accord with the word's Latin etymology. However, in ordinary speech, some speakers use bacteria as a singular, with plural either bacteria or bacterias. This is usually considered nonstandard.
Hypernyms
Hyponyms
- See also Thesaurus:bacterium
Derived terms
- agrobacterium
- archaebacterium
- archebacterium
- bacterial
- bactericidal
- bactericide
- bacteriologist
- bacteriology
- bacteroid
- betaproteobacterium
- blue-green bacterium
- cyanobacterium
- diplobacterium
- endobacterium
- enterobacterium
- epibacterium
- eubacterium
- halobacterium
- Hansen's bacterium
- heliobacterium
- iron bacterium
- macrobacterium
- megabacterium
- microbacterium
- mycobacterium
- nanobacterium
- nitrobacterium
- phosphobacterium
- photobacterium
- phytobacterium
- probacterium
- rhizobacterium
- spirobacterium
- streptobacterium
- sulfur bacterium
- sulphur bacterium
- ultramicrobacterium
- urobacterium
Translations
single-celled organism with no nucleus or organelles
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- The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.
Translations to be checked
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See also
Latin
Alternative forms
- (cane or staff): bactērius m
Etymology
From Ancient Greek βακτήριον (baktḗrion, “small staff”), from βακτηρία (baktēría).
Pronunciation
- (Classical) IPA(key): /bakˈteː.ri.um/, [bäkˈt̪eːriʊ̃ˑ]
- (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): /bakˈte.ri.um/, [bäkˈt̪ɛːrium]
Noun
bactērium n (genitive bactēriī); second declension
- (Late Latin, Medieval Latin) cane, walking-stick; staff (of a shepherd)
- (New Latin, microbiology) bacterium
Declension
Second-declension noun (neuter).
| Case | Singular | Plural |
|---|---|---|
| Nominative | bactērium | bactēria |
| Genitive | bactēriī | bactēriōrum |
| Dative | bactēriō | bactēriīs |
| Accusative | bactērium | bactēria |
| Ablative | bactēriō | bactēriīs |
| Vocative | bactērium | bactēria |
References
- bacterium in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
- bacterium in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
- bacterium in Bayerische Akademie der Wissenschaften (1967– ) Mittellateinisches Wörterbuch, Munich: C.H. Beck
- Niermeyer, Jan Frederik (1976) “bacterius”, in Mediae Latinitatis Lexicon Minus, Leiden, Boston: E. J. Brill, page 76
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