bac
Albanian
Alternative forms
Etymology
- Borrowed from South Slavic *bat'a rather than cognate with it.[1]
- From Proto-Albanian *batja. According to Orel bac/bacë could be related to Slavic Proto-Slavic *bat'a (“elder brother, uncle”) and Proto-Slavic *batja (“id”). Source of Romanian baci (“chief shepherd, cheese-maker”) and Megleno-Romanian/Aromanian batš (“id”).[2]
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [bat͡s]
References
- Hyllested first1=Adam, Joseph, Brian (2022) “13-Albanian”, in Thomas Olander, editor, The Indo-European language family
- Orel, Vladimir E. (1998) “Alb. bac m Pl. baca ('elder brother, uncle')”, in Albanian Etymological Dictionary, Leiden, Boston, Köln: Brill, →ISBN, page 13
Catalan
Further reading
- “bac” in Diccionari de la llengua catalana, segona edició, Institut d’Estudis Catalans.
French
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /bak/
Audio (file) - Homophone: BAC
Etymology 1
Inherited from Middle French bac, from Old French bas, bac- (“flat boat”), of obscure origin. Possibly from Vulgar Latin *baccu (“container”), from Latin bacar (“kind of wine glass”). Or, possibly borrowed from Celtic or Germanic, from Proto-Germanic *baką (“back, rear”).
Derived terms
- bac à chat (“litter box”)
- bac à sable (“sandbox”)
Descendants
Etymology 2
Clipping of baccalauréat.
Related terms
Further reading
- “bac”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.
Anagrams
Irish
Etymology
From Old Irish bacc (“angle, bend, corner”), from Proto-Celtic *bakkos (“hook”).
The verb is from Old Irish baccaid (“hinders, prevents, impairs; lames”), from the noun.
Pronunciation
- (Munster, Aran) IPA(key): /bˠɑk/
- (Cois Fharraige, Mayo, Ulster) IPA(key): /bˠak/
Noun
bac m (genitive singular baic, nominative plural baic)
- barrier, block, balk, hindrance
- bottleneck, trap
- blocking, obstruction
- constraint, handicap, impediment, encumbrance
- stop
- mattock
- bend (in river, etc.)
- (door-)step
- (law) stay (of proceedings)
Declension
Derived terms
- aerbhac m (“airlock”)
- bac poitéinsiúil m (“potential barrier”)
Verb
bac (present analytic bacann, future analytic bacfaidh, verbal noun bacadh, past participle bactha) (transitive, intransitive)
Conjugation
singular | plural | relative | autonomous | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | first | second | third | ||||
indicative | present | bacaim | bacann tú; bacair† |
bacann sé, sí | bacaimid | bacann sibh | bacann siad; bacaid† |
a bhacann; a bhacas / a mbacann*; a mbacas* |
bactar |
past | bhac mé; bhacas | bhac tú; bhacais | bhac sé, sí | bhacamar; bhac muid | bhac sibh; bhacabhair | bhac siad; bhacadar | a bhac / ar bhac* |
bacadh | |
past habitual | bhacainn / mbacainn‡‡ | bhactá / mbactᇇ | bhacadh sé, sí / mbacadh sé, s퇇 | bhacaimis; bhacadh muid / mbacaimis‡‡; mbacadh muid‡‡ | bhacadh sibh / mbacadh sibh‡‡ | bhacaidís; bhacadh siad / mbacaidís‡‡; mbacadh siad‡‡ | a bhacadh / a mbacadh* |
bhactaí / mbacta퇇 | |
future | bacfaidh mé; bacfad |
bacfaidh tú; bacfair† |
bacfaidh sé, sí | bacfaimid; bacfaidh muid |
bacfaidh sibh | bacfaidh siad; bacfaid† |
a bhacfaidh; a bhacfas / a mbacfaidh*; a mbacfas* |
bacfar | |
conditional | bhacfainn / mbacfainn‡‡ | bhacfá / mbacfᇇ | bhacfadh sé, sí / mbacfadh sé, s퇇 | bhacfaimis; bhacfadh muid / mbacfaimis‡‡; mbacfadh muid‡‡ | bhacfadh sibh / mbacfadh sibh‡‡ | bhacfaidís; bhacfadh siad / mbacfaidís‡‡; mbacfadh siad‡‡ | a bhacfadh / a mbacfadh* |
bhacfaí / mbacfa퇇 | |
subjunctive | present | go mbaca mé; go mbacad† |
go mbaca tú; go mbacair† |
go mbaca sé, sí | go mbacaimid; go mbaca muid |
go mbaca sibh | go mbaca siad; go mbacaid† |
— | go mbactar |
past | dá mbacainn | dá mbactá | dá mbacadh sé, sí | dá mbacaimis; dá mbacadh muid |
dá mbacadh sibh | dá mbacaidís; dá mbacadh siad |
— | dá mbactaí | |
imperative | bacaim | bac | bacadh sé, sí | bacaimis | bacaigí; bacaidh† |
bacaidís | — | bactar | |
verbal noun | bacadh | ||||||||
past participle | bactha |
* indirect relative
† archaic or dialect form
‡‡ dependent form used with particles that trigger eclipsis
Mutation
Irish mutation | ||
---|---|---|
Radical | Lenition | Eclipsis |
bac | bhac | mbac |
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs. |
References
- Ó Dónaill, Niall (1977) “bac”, in Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla, Dublin: An Gúm, →ISBN
Middle English
Scottish Gaelic
Etymology
From Old Irish baccaid (“hinders, prevents, impairs; lames”), from bacc (“angle, bend, corner”), from Proto-Celtic *bakkos (“hook”).
Noun
Derived terms
Welsh
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /bak/