bꜣ

Egyptian

Pronunciation

Noun 1:

 

Noun
bAZ1

 m

  1. working power, active power, efficacy in acting on and influencing the external world and enforcing order, especially as possessed by a god
  2. god, seen as possessed of such power
  3. (by extension) the dead, seen as possessed of such power and needing offerings to sustain it; efficacious soul, ba
Usage notes

In the earliest times, this term only appears in reference to gods and the qualities they possess. In the course of the Old Kingdom, it begins to be applied to kings, and around the end of the Old Kingdom finally starts to appear with reference to non-royal individuals.

Inflection
Declension of bꜣ (masculine)
singular bꜣ
dual bꜣwj
plural bꜣw
Alternative forms
Alternative hieroglyphic writings of bꜣ  
bAZ1Z6
R7bAZ1
G53Z1
bꜣ bꜣ bꜣ
Derived terms
Descendants
  • Old Coptic: ⲃⲁⲓ (bai)

Noun
R7E10

 m

  1. ram
Inflection
Declension of bꜣ (masculine)
singular bꜣ
dual bꜣwj
plural bꜣw
Alternative forms
Alternative hieroglyphic writings of bꜣ  
E10
E11
bꜣ bꜣ
Descendants

From bꜣ ꜥꜣ nj pt (literally “he-goat of heaven”):

Noun
bbAN42E24

 m

  1. leopard
Inflection
Declension of bꜣ (masculine)
singular bꜣ
dual bꜣwj
plural bꜣw
Alternative forms
Alternative hieroglyphic writings of bꜣ  
bbAAF27
bꜣ

Noun
bbAF9F27

 m

  1. leopard skin
Inflection
Declension of bꜣ (masculine)
singular bꜣ
dual bꜣwj
plural bꜣw

Verb
bA

 2-lit.

  1. (intransitive) to be(come) an animate, efficacious soul, to possess a ba or ba-power
Inflection
Conjugation of bꜣ (biliteral / 2-lit. / 2rad.) — base stem: bꜣ, geminated stem: bꜣꜣ
infinitival forms imperative
infinitive negatival complement complementary infinitive1 singular plural
bꜣ
 bꜣw, bꜣ
 bꜣt
 bꜣ, j.bꜣ
 bꜣ, j.bꜣ
‘pseudoverbal’ forms
stative stem periphrastic imperfective2 periphrastic prospective2
bꜣ
 ḥr bꜣ
 m bꜣ
 r bꜣ
suffix conjugation
aspect / mood active contingent
aspect / mood active
perfect bꜣ.n
 consecutive bꜣ.jn
terminative bꜣt
perfective3 bꜣ
 obligative1 bꜣ.ḫr
imperfective bꜣ, j.bꜣ1
prospective3 bꜣ
 potentialis1 bꜣ.kꜣ
subjunctive bꜣ, j.bꜣ1
verbal adjectives
aspect / mood relative (incl. nominal / emphatic) forms participles
active active passive
perfect bꜣ.n
 — —
perfective bꜣ
 bꜣ
 bꜣꜣ, bꜣꜣj6, bꜣ2, bꜣw2 5, bꜣy2 5
imperfective j.bꜣ1, bꜣ, bꜣy, bꜣw5
 j.bꜣ1, j.bꜣw1 5, bꜣ, bꜣj6, bꜣy6
 bꜣ, bꜣw5
prospective bꜣ, bꜣtj7
 bꜣtj4, bꜣt4
  1. Used in Old Egyptian; archaic by Middle Egyptian.
  2. Used mostly since Middle Egyptian.
  3. Archaic or greatly restricted in usage by Middle Egyptian. The perfect has mostly taken over the functions of the perfective, and the subjunctive and periphrastic prospective have mostly replaced the prospective.
  4. Declines using third-person suffix pronouns instead of adjectival endings: masculine .f/.fj, feminine .s/.sj, dual .sn/.snj, plural .sn.
  5. Only in the masculine singular.
  6. Only in the masculine.
  7. Only in the feminine.
Alternative forms
Alternative hieroglyphic writings of bꜣ  
G53Z1
bꜣ
See also

Etymology 5

Perhaps from root consonants b-l.

Verb
bbAAU7
D40

 2-lit.

  1. (transitive) dig up earth, hoe
  2. (transitive) destroy
Inflection
Conjugation of bꜣ (biliteral / 2-lit. / 2rad.) — base stem: bꜣ, geminated stem: bꜣꜣ
infinitival forms imperative
infinitive negatival complement complementary infinitive1 singular plural
bꜣ
 bꜣw, bꜣ
 bꜣt
 bꜣ, j.bꜣ
 bꜣ, j.bꜣ
‘pseudoverbal’ forms
stative stem periphrastic imperfective2 periphrastic prospective2
bꜣ
 ḥr bꜣ
 m bꜣ
 r bꜣ
suffix conjugation
aspect / mood active passive contingent
aspect / mood active passive
perfect bꜣ.n
 bꜣw, bꜣ
 consecutive bꜣ.jn
 active + .tj1, .tw2
active + .tj1, .tw2
terminative bꜣt
perfective3 bꜣ
 active + .tj1, .tw2
 obligative1 bꜣ.ḫr
 active + .tj1, .tw2
imperfective bꜣ, j.bꜣ1
 active + .tj1, .tw2
prospective3 bꜣ
 bꜣꜣ
 potentialis1 bꜣ.kꜣ
 active + .tj1, .tw2
active + .tj1, .tw2
subjunctive bꜣ, j.bꜣ1
 active + .tj1, .tw2
verbal adjectives
aspect / mood relative (incl. nominal / emphatic) forms participles
active passive active passive
perfect bꜣ.n
 active + .tj1, .tw2
 — —
perfective bꜣ
 active + .tj1, .tw2
 bꜣ
 bꜣꜣ, bꜣꜣj6, bꜣ2, bꜣw2 5, bꜣy2 5
imperfective j.bꜣ1, bꜣ, bꜣy, bꜣw5
 active + .tj1, .tw2
 j.bꜣ1, j.bꜣw1 5, bꜣ, bꜣj6, bꜣy6
 bꜣ, bꜣw5
prospective bꜣ, bꜣtj7
 — bꜣtj4, bꜣt4
  1. Used in Old Egyptian; archaic by Middle Egyptian.
  2. Used mostly since Middle Egyptian.
  3. Archaic or greatly restricted in usage by Middle Egyptian. The perfect has mostly taken over the functions of the perfective, and the subjunctive and periphrastic prospective have mostly replaced the prospective.
  4. Declines using third-person suffix pronouns instead of adjectival endings: masculine .f/.fj, feminine .s/.sj, dual .sn/.snj, plural .sn.
  5. Only in the masculine singular.
  6. Only in the masculine.
  7. Only in the feminine.
  • brbr "to dig"
  • ⲃⲟⲗⲃⲗ (bolbl) "to dig up"

References
  • Faulkner, Raymond Oliver (1962) A Concise Dictionary of Middle Egyptian, Oxford: Griffith Institute, →ISBN
  • van Sittert, Bianca (2020) “Maintaining Order over Chaos”: A study of the ba and baw concepts in the Predynastic Period, Early Dynastic Period, and Old Kingdom [Master’s Thesis, the American University in Cairo]. AUC Knowledge Fountain.
  • Žabkar, L. V. (1968) A study of the Ba concept in ancient Egyptian texts. Studies in Ancient Oriental Civilization 34. Chicago: University of Chicago Press
  • Wolf-Brinkmann, E. M. (1968) Versuch einer Deutung des Begriffes ‘bA’ anhand der Überlieferung der Frühzeit und des Alten Reiches, Freiburg i. Br.: G. Seeger
This article is issued from Wiktionary. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.