atmosfera
Catalan
Etymology
From New Latin atmosphaera, from Ancient Greek ἀτμός (atmós, “steam”) + σφαῖρα (sphaîra, “sphere”). Equivalent to atmo- + -sfera.
Pronunciation
Noun
atmosfera f (plural atmosferes)
- atmosphere (air)
- (figurative) atmosphere, ambiance
- Synonym: ambient
- atmosphere (unit of measurement)
Hypernyms
Derived terms
Further reading
- “atmosfera” in Diccionari de la llengua catalana, segona edició, Institut d’Estudis Catalans.
- “atmosfera”, in Gran Diccionari de la Llengua Catalana, Grup Enciclopèdia Catalana, 2024
- “atmosfera” in Diccionari normatiu valencià, Acadèmia Valenciana de la Llengua.
- “atmosfera” in Diccionari català-valencià-balear, Antoni Maria Alcover and Francesc de Borja Moll, 1962.
Corsican
Alternative forms
Etymology
From French atmosphère, from New Latin atmosphaera, from Ancient Greek ἀτμός (atmós, “steam”) + σφαῖρα (sphaîra, “sphere”). Akin to Italian atmosfera.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /atmosˈfera/
- Hyphenation: at‧mos‧fe‧ra
Noun
atmosfera f (plural atmosfere)
- atmosphere
- 2019, Zosimov Premudroslovsky StaVl, Mutanti Sovetti: Fantasia divertente, →ISBN:
- Luntanu, luntanu à a fruntiera di l'antica URSS (avà Kazakistan) è a Cina, in u sudeste di a regione Semipalatinsk, vicinu à a cità de Ayaguz, traduttu cum'è "Oh toro", ci era un terrenu di teste nucleare cù una atmosfera radioattiva infettata ottenuta da a negligenza di i schientifichi in opera.
- Far, far away on the border of the former USSR (now Kazakhstan) and China, in the southeast of the region Semipalatinsk, next to the city of Ayaguz, translated as "Oh toro", there was a terrain of nuclear testing with an infected radioactive atmosphere obtained due to the negligence of the scientists in operation.
References
- “atmusfera, atmosfera” in INFCOR: Banca di dati di a lingua corsa
Esperanto
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [atmosˈfera]
- Audio:
(file) - Rhymes: -era
- Hyphenation: at‧mos‧fe‧ra
Adjective
atmosfera (accusative singular atmosferan, plural atmosferaj, accusative plural atmosferajn)
Galician
Derived terms
Further reading
- “atmosfera”, in Dicionario da Real Academia Galega (in Galician), A Coruña: Royal Galician Academy, since 2012
Italian
Etymology
From Ancient Greek ἀτμός (atmós, “vapour”) + σφαῖρα (sphaîra, “sphere”).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /at.moˈsfɛ.ra/
- Rhymes: -ɛra
- Hyphenation: at‧mo‧sfè‧ra
Derived terms
Further reading
- atmosfera in Treccani.it – Vocabolario Treccani on line, Istituto dell'Enciclopedia Italiana
Lithuanian
Etymology
Ultimately from New Latin atmosphaera, from Ancient Greek ἀτμός (atmós, “steam”) + Ancient Greek σφαῖρα (sphaîra, “sphere”)
Declension
singular (vienaskaita) | plural (daugiskaita) | |
---|---|---|
nominative (vardininkas) | atmosferà | atmosfèros |
genitive (kilmininkas) | atmosfèros | atmosfèrų |
dative (naudininkas) | atmosfèrai | atmosfèroms |
accusative (galininkas) | atmosfèrą | atmosferàs |
instrumental (įnagininkas) | atmosferà | atmosfèromis |
locative (vietininkas) | atmosfèroje | atmosfèrose |
vocative (šauksmininkas) | atmosfèra | atmosfèros |
Malay
Etymology
Learned borrowing from New Latin atmosphaera, from Ancient Greek ἀτμός (atmós, “steam”) + σφαῖρα (sphaîra, “sphere”).
Noun
atmosfera (Jawi spelling اتموسفيرا, plural atmosfera-atmosfera, informal 1st possessive atmosferaku, 2nd possessive atmosferamu, 3rd possessive atmosferanya)
Further reading
- “atmosfera” in Pusat Rujukan Persuratan Melayu | Malay Literary Reference Centre, Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, 2017.
Polish
Etymology
Borrowed from French atmosphère.[1][2] By surface analysis, atmo- + sfera.[3] First attested in 1741.[4] Compare Silesian atmosfera.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /at.mɔsˈfɛ.ra/
Audio (file) - Rhymes: -ɛra
- Syllabification: at‧mos‧fe‧ra
Noun
atmosfera f (diminutive atmosferka, related adjective atmosferyczny or (rare) atmosferowy, abbreviation atm)
- atmosphere (the gases surrounding the Earth or any astronomical body)
- (figuratively) atmosphere (the apparent mood felt in an environment)
- atmosphere (a unit of measurement for pressure equal to 101325 Pa (symbol: atm), approximately the atmospheric pressure at sea level)
- atmosfera techiczna ― techncial atmosphere
Declension
Derived terms
- gęsta atmosfera
- atmosfera zgęstniała pf, atmosfera gęstnieje impf
Descendants
- → Kashubian: atmòsfera
Trivia
According to Słownik frekwencyjny polszczyzny współczesnej (1990), atmosfera is one of the most used words in Polish, appearing 24 times in scientific texts, 18 times in news, 8 times in essays, 3 times in fiction, and 3 times in plays, each out of a corpus of 100,000 words, totaling 56 times, making it the 1148th most common word in a corpus of 500,000 words.[5]
References
- Mirosław Bańko, Lidia Wiśniakowska (2021) “atmosfera”, in Wielki słownik wyrazów obcych, →ISBN
- Stanisław Dubisz, editor (2003), “atmosfera”, in Uniwersalny słownik języka polskiego [Universal dictionary of the Polish language] (in Polish), volumes 1-4, Warsaw: Wydawnictwo Naukowe PWN SA, →ISBN
- Witold Doroszewski, editor (1958–1969), “atmosfera”, in Słownik języka polskiego (in Polish), Warszawa: PWN
- Kazimierz Żelazko (29.12.2014) “ATMOSFERA”, in Elektroniczny Słownik Języka Polskiego XVII i XVIII Wieku [Electronic Dictionary of the Polish Language of the XVII and XVIII Century]
- Ida Kurcz (1990) “atmosfera”, in Słownik frekwencyjny polszczyzny współczesnej [Frequency dictionary of the Polish language] (in Polish), volume 1, Kraków, Warszawa: Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Języka Polskiego, page 13
Further reading
- atmosfera in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
- atmosfera in Polish dictionaries at PWN
- Samuel Bogumił Linde (1807–1814) “atmosfera”, in Słownik języka polskiego
- Aleksander Zdanowicz (1861) “atmosfera”, in Słownik języka polskiego, Wilno 1861
- J. Karłowicz, A. Kryński, W. Niedźwiedzki, editors (1900), “atmosfera”, in Słownik języka polskiego (in Polish), volume 1, Warsaw, page 68
- Bańkowski, Andrzej (2000) “atmosfera”, in Etymologiczny słownik języka polskiego [Etymological Dictionary of the Polish Language] (in Polish)
Portuguese
Etymology
Borrowed from New Latin atmosphaera, from Ancient Greek ἀτμός (atmós, “steam”) + σφαῖρα (sphaîra, “sphere”). By surface analysis, atmo- + esfera.
Pronunciation
- (Brazil) IPA(key): /at͡ʃ.mosˈfɛ.ɾɐ/, /a.t͡ʃi.mosˈfɛ.ɾɐ/
- (Rio de Janeiro) IPA(key): /at͡ʃ.moʃˈfɛ.ɾɐ/, /a.t͡ʃi.moʃˈfɛ.ɾɐ/
- (Southern Brazil) IPA(key): /at͡ʃ.mosˈfɛ.ɾa/
- (Portugal) IPA(key): /ɐ.tmuʃˈfɛ.ɾɐ/
- Hyphenation: at‧mos‧fe‧ra
Noun
atmosfera f (plural atmosferas)
- atmosphere
- gases surrounding the Earth (or another astronomical body)
- the air in an environment
- (figuratively) the apparent mood felt in an environment
- (chemistry, planetology) a unit of measurement for pressure (symbol: atm)
Derived terms
Further reading
Serbo-Croatian
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /atmosfěːra/
- Hyphenation: a‧tmo‧sfe‧ra
Noun
atmosféra f (Cyrillic spelling атмосфе́ра)
- atmosphere (also figuratively)
- normal atmospheric pressure
Declension
Derived terms
- atmòsfērskī
- ȁtmosfērskī
Spanish
Further reading
- “atmosfera”, in Diccionario de la lengua española, Vigésima tercera edición, Real Academia Española, 2014