ajak
English
Noun
ajak (plural ajaks)
- (Indonesia) The dhole (Cuon alpinus).
- 1991, Bill Dalton, Indonesia Handbook, page 374:
- Indonesia where the ajak, the handsome, rufous, bushy-tailed wild dog (a subspecies of the Indian dhole) still thrives.
- 2015, Eka Kurniawan, translated by Labodalih Sembiring, Man Tiger, Verso, page 7:
- They didn't want the hogs to die, because they would later throw them into battle with the ajaks, in a public spectacle at the end of the hunting season.
Greenlandic
Declension
singular | plural | |
---|---|---|
absolutive | ajak | ajaat |
ergative | ajaap | ajaat |
allative | ajammut | ajannut |
ablative | ajammit | ajannit |
prosecutive | ajakkut | ajatsigut |
locative | ajammi | ajanni |
instrumental | ajammik | ajannik |
equative | ajattut | ajattut |
References
- ajak in Katersat
Hungarian
Alternative forms
- ajk (archaic, literary)
Etymology
From the obsolete aj (“valley; opening”) + -k (“diminutive suffix”), from Proto-Uralic *aŋe (“opening, incision, deepening”).[1][2][3] Alternatively, possible cognate of Yakut айах (ayaq, “mouth”).[4]
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [ˈɒjɒk]
Audio (file) - Hyphenation: ajak
- Rhymes: -ɒk
Noun
ajak (plural ajkak)
- (anatomy) lip (either of the two fleshy protrusions around the opening of the mouth)
- 1825, Mihály Vörösmarty, Zalán futása, canto 1, lines 5–6, translation by Watson Kirkconnell and Adam Makkai:
- Hol vagyon, aki merész ajakát hadi dalnak eresztvén, / A riadó vak mélységet fölverje szavával, […]
- Where is the one who, with lips all bold, could thunder a war-song / rousing the gloom of the deep and unsighty abysses, […]
- 1825, Mihály Vörösmarty, Zalán futása, canto 1, lines 5–6, translation by Watson Kirkconnell and Adam Makkai:
- (anatomy) labium (one of the two pairs of folds of skin either side of the vulva)
Declension
Inflection (stem in -a-, back harmony) | ||
---|---|---|
singular | plural | |
nominative | ajak | ajkak |
accusative | ajkat | ajkakat |
dative | ajaknak | ajkaknak |
instrumental | ajakkal | ajkakkal |
causal-final | ajakért | ajkakért |
translative | ajakká | ajkakká |
terminative | ajakig | ajkakig |
essive-formal | ajakként | ajkakként |
essive-modal | — | — |
inessive | ajakban | ajkakban |
superessive | ajkon | ajkakon |
adessive | ajaknál | ajkaknál |
illative | ajakba | ajkakba |
sublative | ajakra | ajkakra |
allative | ajakhoz | ajkakhoz |
elative | ajakból | ajkakból |
delative | ajakról | ajkakról |
ablative | ajaktól | ajkaktól |
non-attributive possessive - singular |
ajaké | ajkaké |
non-attributive possessive - plural |
ajakéi | ajkakéi |
Possessive forms of ajak | ||
---|---|---|
possessor | single possession | multiple possessions |
1st person sing. | ajkam | ajkaim |
2nd person sing. | ajkad | ajkaid |
3rd person sing. | ajka | ajkai |
1st person plural | ajkunk | ajkaink |
2nd person plural | ajkatok | ajkaitok |
3rd person plural | ajkuk | ajkaik |
References
- Entry #17 in Uralonet, online Uralic etymological database of the Hungarian Research Centre for Linguistics.
- ajak in Tótfalusi, István. Magyar etimológiai nagyszótár (’Hungarian Comprehensive Dictionary of Etymology’). Budapest: Arcanum Adatbázis, 2001; Arcanum DVD Könyvtár →ISBN
- ajak in Zaicz, Gábor (ed.). Etimológiai szótár: Magyar szavak és toldalékok eredete (‘Dictionary of Etymology: The origin of Hungarian words and affixes’). Budapest: Tinta Könyvkiadó, 2006, →ISBN. (See also its 2nd edition.)
- Martti Räsänen (1969) Versuch Eines Etymologischen Wörterbuch der Türksprachen, page 11
Further reading
- ajak in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (‘The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language’, abbr.: ÉrtSz.). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN
- ajak in Ittzés, Nóra (ed.). A magyar nyelv nagyszótára (‘A Comprehensive Dictionary of the Hungarian Language’). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 2006–2031 (work in progress; published A–ez as of 2024)
Indonesian
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [ˈad͡ʒak̚]
- Hyphenation: ajak
Etymology 1
From Malay ajak, from Classical Malay اجق (ajak), from Proto-Malayic *ajak, from Proto-Malayo-Chamic *ajak, from Proto-Malayo-Sumbawan *ajak, from (Western) Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *azak.
Verb
ajak (base-imperative ajak, active mengajak, passive diajak)
- to invite (ask for the presence or participation of someone)
Noun
ajak (first-person possessive ajakku, second-person possessive ajakmu, third-person possessive ajaknya)
- (colloquial) alternative form of ajakan (“invitation”).
Conjugation
Conjugation of ajak (meng-, intransitive) | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Root | ajak | ||||
Active | Involuntary / Perfective |
Passive | Basic / Imperative |
Jussive | |
Active | mengajak | terajak | diajak | ajak | ajaklah |
Locative | mengajaki | terajaki | diajaki | ajaki | ajakilah |
Causative / Applicative1 | mengajakkan | terajakkan | diajakkan | ajakkan | ajakkanlah |
Causative | |||||
Active | memperajak | terperajak | diperajak | perajak | perajaklah |
Locative | memperajaki | terperajaki | diperajaki | perajaki | perajakilah |
Causative / Applicative1 | memperajakkan | terperajakkan | diperajakkan | perajakkan | perajakkanlah |
1The -kan row is either causative or applicative, with transitive roots it mostly has applicative meaning. Notes: Some of these forms do normally not exist or are rarely used in standard Indonesian. Some forms may also change meaning. |
Noun
ajak (first-person possessive ajakku, second-person possessive ajakmu, third-person possessive ajaknya)
Derived terms
Descendants
- → English: ajak
Etymology 3
From Minangkabau [Term?].
Derived terms
- mengajakkan
Etymology 4
From Banjarese [Term?].
Further reading
- “ajak” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.
Karaim
Etymology
From Proto-Turkic *adak.
References
- N. A. Baskakov, S.M. Šapšala, editor (1973), “ajak”, in Karaimsko-Russko-Polʹskij Slovarʹ [Karaim-Russian-Polish Dictionary], Moscow: Moskva, →ISBN
Malay
Alternative forms
Etymology
From Proto-Malayic *ajak, from Proto-Malayo-Chamic *ajak, from Proto-Malayo-Sumbawan *ajak, from (Western) Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *azak.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ad͡ʒaʔ/
- Rhymes: -ad͡ʒaʔ, -d͡ʒaʔ, -aʔ