aguerrir

Catalan

Etymology

From a- +‎ guerra +‎ -ir.

Pronunciation

Verb

aguerrir (first-person singular present aguerreixo, first-person singular preterite aguerrí, past participle aguerrit)

  1. (transitive) to harden, especially by exposure to warfare
    • 2018, Joan Casanovas Fortea, Montcroix:
      Els anys a la presó l'han aguerrit i només és amic dels seus amics, la resta són prescindibles.
      The years in prison have hardened him and he is only a friend to his friends, the rest are expendable.

Usage notes

Only the past participle is in common use.

Conjugation
    Conjugation of aguerrir (third conjugation, with -eix-)
infinitive aguerrir
gerund aguerrint
past participle masculine feminine
singular aguerrit aguerrida
plural aguerrits aguerrides
person singular plural
first second third first second third
indicative jo tu ell/ella
vostè		 nosaltres
nós		 vosaltres
vós		 ells/elles
vostès
present aguerreixo aguerreixes aguerreix aguerrim aguerriu aguerreixen
imperfect aguerria aguerries aguerria aguerríem aguerríeu aguerrien
future aguerriré aguerriràs aguerrirà aguerrirem aguerrireu aguerriran
preterite aguerrí aguerrires aguerrí aguerrírem aguerríreu aguerriren
conditional aguerriria aguerriries aguerriria aguerriríem aguerriríeu aguerririen
subjunctive jo tu ell/ella
vostè		 nosaltres
nós		 vosaltres
vós		 ells/elles
vostès
present aguerreixi aguerreixis aguerreixi aguerrim aguerriu aguerreixin
imperfect aguerrís aguerrissis aguerrís aguerríssim aguerríssiu aguerrissin
imperative — tu vostè nosaltres vosaltres
vós		 vostès
affirmative — aguerreix aguerreixi aguerrim aguerriu aguerreixin
negative (no) — no aguerreixis no aguerreixi no aguerrim no aguerriu no aguerreixin

Further reading

French

Etymology

From a- +‎ guerre +‎ -ir.

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): /a.ɡɛ.ʁiʁ/, /a.ɡe.ʁiʁ/
  • Audio(file)

Verb

aguerrir

  1. to harden (become or make something resistant or less sensitive to)

Conjugation

This is a regular verb of the second conjugation, like finir, choisir, and most other verbs with infinitives ending in -ir. One salient feature of this conjugation is the repeated appearance of the infix -iss-.

Conjugation of aguerrir (see also Appendix:French verbs)
infinitive simple aguerrir
compound avoir + past participle
present participle or gerund1 simple aguerrissant
/a.ɡɛ.ʁi.sɑ̃/ or /a.ɡe.ʁi.sɑ̃/
compound ayant + past participle
past participle aguerri
/a.ɡɛ.ʁi/ or /a.ɡe.ʁi/
singular plural
first second third first second third
indicative je (j’) tu il, elle, on nous vous ils, elles
(simple
tenses)		 present aguerris
/a.ɡɛ.ʁi/ or /a.ɡe.ʁi/		 aguerris
/a.ɡɛ.ʁi/ or /a.ɡe.ʁi/		 aguerrit
/a.ɡɛ.ʁi/ or /a.ɡe.ʁi/		 aguerrissons
/a.ɡɛ.ʁi.sɔ̃/ or /a.ɡe.ʁi.sɔ̃/		 aguerrissez
/a.ɡɛ.ʁi.se/ or /a.ɡe.ʁi.se/		 aguerrissent
/a.ɡɛ.ʁis/ or /a.ɡe.ʁis/
imperfect aguerrissais
/a.ɡɛ.ʁi.sɛ/ or /a.ɡe.ʁi.sɛ/		 aguerrissais
/a.ɡɛ.ʁi.sɛ/ or /a.ɡe.ʁi.sɛ/		 aguerrissait
/a.ɡɛ.ʁi.sɛ/ or /a.ɡe.ʁi.sɛ/		 aguerrissions
/a.ɡɛ.ʁi.sjɔ̃/ or /a.ɡe.ʁi.sjɔ̃/		 aguerrissiez
/a.ɡɛ.ʁi.sje/ or /a.ɡe.ʁi.sje/		 aguerrissaient
/a.ɡɛ.ʁi.sɛ/ or /a.ɡe.ʁi.sɛ/
past historic2 aguerris
/a.ɡɛ.ʁi/ or /a.ɡe.ʁi/		 aguerris
/a.ɡɛ.ʁi/ or /a.ɡe.ʁi/		 aguerrit
/a.ɡɛ.ʁi/ or /a.ɡe.ʁi/		 aguerrîmes
/a.ɡɛ.ʁim/ or /a.ɡe.ʁim/		 aguerrîtes
/a.ɡɛ.ʁit/ or /a.ɡe.ʁit/		 aguerrirent
/a.ɡɛ.ʁiʁ/ or /a.ɡe.ʁiʁ/
future aguerrirai
/a.ɡɛ.ʁi.ʁe/ or /a.ɡe.ʁi.ʁe/		 aguerriras
/a.ɡɛ.ʁi.ʁa/ or /a.ɡe.ʁi.ʁa/		 aguerrira
/a.ɡɛ.ʁi.ʁa/ or /a.ɡe.ʁi.ʁa/		 aguerrirons
/a.ɡɛ.ʁi.ʁɔ̃/ or /a.ɡe.ʁi.ʁɔ̃/		 aguerrirez
/a.ɡɛ.ʁi.ʁe/ or /a.ɡe.ʁi.ʁe/		 aguerriront
/a.ɡɛ.ʁi.ʁɔ̃/ or /a.ɡe.ʁi.ʁɔ̃/
conditional aguerrirais
/a.ɡɛ.ʁi.ʁɛ/ or /a.ɡe.ʁi.ʁɛ/		 aguerrirais
/a.ɡɛ.ʁi.ʁɛ/ or /a.ɡe.ʁi.ʁɛ/		 aguerrirait
/a.ɡɛ.ʁi.ʁɛ/ or /a.ɡe.ʁi.ʁɛ/		 aguerririons
/a.ɡɛ.ʁi.ʁjɔ̃/ or /a.ɡe.ʁi.ʁjɔ̃/		 aguerririez
/a.ɡɛ.ʁi.ʁje/ or /a.ɡe.ʁi.ʁje/		 aguerriraient
/a.ɡɛ.ʁi.ʁɛ/ or /a.ɡe.ʁi.ʁɛ/
(compound
tenses)		 present perfect present indicative of avoir + past participle
pluperfect imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle
past anterior2 past historic of avoir + past participle
future perfect future of avoir + past participle
conditional perfect conditional of avoir + past participle
subjunctive que je (j’) que tu qu’il, qu’elle que nous que vous qu’ils, qu’elles
(simple
tenses)		 present aguerrisse
/a.ɡɛ.ʁis/ or /a.ɡe.ʁis/		 aguerrisses
/a.ɡɛ.ʁis/ or /a.ɡe.ʁis/		 aguerrisse
/a.ɡɛ.ʁis/ or /a.ɡe.ʁis/		 aguerrissions
/a.ɡɛ.ʁi.sjɔ̃/ or /a.ɡe.ʁi.sjɔ̃/		 aguerrissiez
/a.ɡɛ.ʁi.sje/ or /a.ɡe.ʁi.sje/		 aguerrissent
/a.ɡɛ.ʁis/ or /a.ɡe.ʁis/
imperfect2 aguerrisse
/a.ɡɛ.ʁis/ or /a.ɡe.ʁis/		 aguerrisses
/a.ɡɛ.ʁis/ or /a.ɡe.ʁis/		 aguerrît
/a.ɡɛ.ʁi/ or /a.ɡe.ʁi/		 aguerrissions
/a.ɡɛ.ʁi.sjɔ̃/ or /a.ɡe.ʁi.sjɔ̃/		 aguerrissiez
/a.ɡɛ.ʁi.sje/ or /a.ɡe.ʁi.sje/		 aguerrissent
/a.ɡɛ.ʁis/ or /a.ɡe.ʁis/
(compound
tenses)		 past present subjunctive of avoir + past participle
pluperfect2 imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle
imperative – tu – nous vous –
simple — aguerris
/a.ɡɛ.ʁi/ or /a.ɡe.ʁi/		 — aguerrissons
/a.ɡɛ.ʁi.sɔ̃/ or /a.ɡe.ʁi.sɔ̃/		 aguerrissez
/a.ɡɛ.ʁi.se/ or /a.ɡe.ʁi.se/		 —
compound — simple imperative of avoir + past participle — simple imperative of avoir + past participle simple imperative of avoir + past participle —
1 The French gerund is usable only with the preposition en.
2 In less formal writing or speech, these tenses may be found to have been replaced in the following way:
  • past historic → present perfect
  • past anterior → pluperfect
  • imperfect subjunctive → present subjunctive
  • pluperfect subjunctive → past subjunctive

(Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81).

Further reading
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