abstenir
Catalan
Verb
abstenir
- only used in s'... abstenir, syntactic variant of abstenir-se, infinitive of abstenir-se
French
Etymology
Inherited from Old French abstenir, borrowed from Latin abstinēre (with conjugation adapted to French tenir), from abs + teneō.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ap.stə.niʁ/
Audio (file)
Conjugation
This is a verb in a group of -ir verbs. All verbs ending in -tenir, such as contenir and détenir, are conjugated this way. Such verbs are the only verbs whose the past historic and subjunctive imperfect endings do not start in one of these thematic vowels (-a-, -i-, -u-).
Conjugation of abstenir (see also Appendix:French verbs)
| infinitive | simple | abstenir | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| compound | avoir + past participle | ||||||
| present participle or gerund1 | simple | abstenant /ap.stə.nɑ̃/ | |||||
| compound | ayant + past participle | ||||||
| past participle | abstenu /ap.stə.ny/ | ||||||
| singular | plural | ||||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | je (j’) | tu | il, elle, on | nous | vous | ils, elles | |
| (simple tenses) |
present | abstiens /ap.stjɛ̃/ |
abstiens /ap.stjɛ̃/ |
abstient /ap.stjɛ̃/ |
abstenons /ap.stə.nɔ̃/ |
abstenez /ap.stə.ne/ |
abstiennent /ap.stjɛn/ |
| imperfect | abstenais /ap.stə.nɛ/ |
abstenais /ap.stə.nɛ/ |
abstenait /ap.stə.nɛ/ |
abstenions /ap.stə.njɔ̃/ |
absteniez /ap.stə.nje/ |
abstenaient /ap.stə.nɛ/ | |
| past historic2 | abstins /ap.stɛ̃/ |
abstins /ap.stɛ̃/ |
abstint /ap.stɛ̃/ |
abstînmes /ap.stɛ̃m/ |
abstîntes /ap.stɛ̃t/ |
abstinrent /ap.stɛ̃ʁ/ | |
| future | abstiendrai /ap.stjɛ̃.dʁe/ |
abstiendras /ap.stjɛ̃.dʁa/ |
abstiendra /ap.stjɛ̃.dʁa/ |
abstiendrons /ap.stjɛ̃.dʁɔ̃/ |
abstiendrez /ap.stjɛ̃.dʁe/ |
abstiendront /ap.stjɛ̃.dʁɔ̃/ | |
| conditional | abstiendrais /ap.stjɛ̃.dʁɛ/ |
abstiendrais /ap.stjɛ̃.dʁɛ/ |
abstiendrait /ap.stjɛ̃.dʁɛ/ |
abstiendrions /ap.stjɛ̃.dʁi.jɔ̃/ |
abstiendriez /ap.stjɛ̃.dʁi.je/ |
abstiendraient /ap.stjɛ̃.dʁɛ/ | |
| (compound tenses) |
present perfect | present indicative of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| past anterior2 | past historic of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| future perfect | future of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| conditional perfect | conditional of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| subjunctive | que je (j’) | que tu | qu’il, qu’elle | que nous | que vous | qu’ils, qu’elles | |
| (simple tenses) |
present | abstienne /ap.stjɛn/ |
abstiennes /ap.stjɛn/ |
abstienne /ap.stjɛn/ |
abstenions /ap.stə.njɔ̃/ |
absteniez /ap.stə.nje/ |
abstiennent /ap.stjɛn/ |
| imperfect2 | abstinsse /ap.stɛ̃s/ |
abstinsses /ap.stɛ̃s/ |
abstînt /ap.stɛ̃/ |
abstinssions /ap.stɛ̃.sjɔ̃/ |
abstinssiez /ap.stɛ̃.sje/ |
abstinssent /ap.stɛ̃s/ | |
| (compound tenses) |
past | present subjunctive of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect2 | imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| imperative | – | – | – | ||||
| simple | — | abstiens /ap.stjɛ̃/ |
— | abstenons /ap.stə.nɔ̃/ |
abstenez /ap.stə.ne/ |
— | |
| compound | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | |
| 1 The French gerund is usable only with the preposition en. | |||||||
2 In less formal writing or speech, these tenses may be found to have been replaced in the following way:
(Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81). | |||||||
Related terms
Further reading
- “abstenir”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.
Anagrams
Old French
Alternative forms
Etymology
Borrowed from Latin abstineō, abstinēre, with conjugation adapted to tenir.
Conjugation
This verb conjugates as a third-group verb. This verb has a stressed present stem abstien distinct from the unstressed stem absten, as well as other irregularities. Old French conjugation varies significantly by date and by region. The following conjugation should be treated as a guide.
| simple | compound | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| infinitive | abstenir | avoir abstenu | |||||
| gerund | en abstenant | gerund of avoir + past participle | |||||
| present participle | abstenant | ||||||
| past participle | abstenu | ||||||
| person | singular | plural | |||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | jo | tu | il | nos | vos | il | |
| simple tenses |
present | abstieng, abstien | abstiens | abstient | abstenons | abstenez | abstienent |
| imperfect | abstenoie, absteneie | abstenoies, absteneies | abstenoit, absteneit | absteniiens, absteniens | absteniiez, absteniez | abstenoient, absteneient | |
| preterite | abstin | abstenis | abstint | abstenimes | abstenistes | abstindrent, abstinrent | |
| future | abstendrai | abstendras | abstendra | abstendrons | abstendroiz, abstendreiz, abstendrez | abstendront | |
| conditional | abstendroie, abstendreie | abstendroies, abstendreies | abstendroit, abstendreit | abstendriiens, abstendriens | abstendriiez, abstendriez | abstendroient, abstendreient | |
| compound tenses |
present perfect | present tense of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | imperfect tense of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| past anterior | preterite tense of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| future perfect | future tense of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| conditional perfect | conditional tense of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| subjunctive | que jo | que tu | qu’il | que nos | que vos | qu’il | |
| simple tenses |
present | abstiegne | abstiegnes | abstiegne | abstiegniens, abstiegnons | abstiegniez | abstiegnent |
| imperfect | abstenisse | abstenisses | abstenist | abstenissons, abstenissiens | abstenissoiz, abstenissez, abstenissiez | abstenissent | |
| compound tenses |
past | present subjunctive of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| imperative | – | tu | – | nos | vos | – | |
| — | abstien | — | abstenons | abstenez | — | ||
Related terms
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