Reconstruction:Proto-West Semitic/rūḥ-

*rūḥ-

1. wind, gust
2. animus, instinctive impulse (Triebwille) as opposed to rationally conditioned impulse (Zweckwille)

• *rawaḥ- (“to have open space or open up, to leave room free, to be forlet; to go out, to lapse, to leave; to breeze, to fan; to pass gas”) (form I)
• *rawwiḥ- (“to widen, to give space to; to relieve”) (form II)
• *harawaḥ- (“to make or allow to go out, to release; to amplify, to inflate”) (form IV)
• *rīḥ- (“emission of gas; smell; flatus”)

• Central Semitic:
  • Arabic: رُوح (rūḥ, “spirit; breath of life”)
  • Northwest Semitic:
    • Aramaic:
      • Classical Syriac: ܪܰܘܚܳܐ (rawḥā, “wind; animus, spirit”)
      • Christian Palestinian Aramaic: ܪܘܚ (“wind; soul, spirit”)
      • Biblical Aramaic, Jewish Palestinian Aramaic, Jewish Literary Aramaic, Jewish Babylonian Aramaic: רוּחָא (rūḥā, “wind; spirit”)
    • Canaanite:
      • Hebrew: רוּחַ (rúakh, rû́aḥ, “wind; spirit”)
      • Phoenician: *𐤓𐤇 (*rḥ)
        • Punic: 𐤓𐤇 (rḥ, “intent”)
    • Ugaritic: 𐎗𐎈 (rḥ /⁠rūḥu⁠/, “wind, gust”)
  • Old South Arabian:
    • Old South Arabian: 𐩧𐩢 (rḥ, “spirit”)
• Modern South Arabian:
  • Mehri: rawḥ, rāʾeḥ (“spirit”)
  • Shehri: roḥ, rabḥ (“spirit”)