< Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic
Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/swartēn
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This Proto-West Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-West Germanic
Inflection
| Class 3 weak | ||
|---|---|---|
| Infinitive | *swartēn | |
| 1st sg. past | *swart?dā | |
| Infinitive | *swartēn | |
| Genitive infin. | *swartēnijas | |
| Dative infin. | *swartēnijē | |
| Instrum. infin. | *swartēniju | |
| Indicative | Present | Past |
| 1st singular | *swartē | *swart?dā |
| 2nd singular | *swartēs | *swart?dēs, *swart?dēs |
| 3rd singular | *swartēþ | *swart?dē, *swart?dā |
| 1st plural | *swartēm | *swart?dum |
| 2nd plural | *swartēþ | *swart?dud |
| 3rd plural | *swartēnþ | *swart?dun |
| Subjunctive | Present | Past |
| 1st singular | *swartē | *swart?dī |
| 2nd singular | *swartēs | *swart?dī |
| 3rd singular | *swartē | *swart?dī |
| 1st plural | *swartēm | *swart?dīm |
| 2nd plural | *swartēþ | *swart?dīd |
| 3rd plural | *swartēn | *swart?dīn |
| Imperative | Present | |
| Singular | *swartē | |
| Plural | *swartēþ | |
| Present | Past | |
| Participle | *swartēndī | *swart?d |
Descendants
- Old High German: swarzēn
- Middle High German: swarzen
- ⇒ Old High German: irswarzēn
Further reading
- Orel, Vladimir (2003) “*swartēnan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology, Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 392
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