Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/swalwā

This Proto-West Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-West Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *swalwǭ.

Noun

*swalwā f[1]

swallow (bird)

Inflection

ōn-stem
	Singular
Nominative	*swalwā
Genitive	*swalwōn
	Singular	Plural
Nominative	*swalwā	*swalwōn
Accusative	*swalwōn	*swalwōn
Genitive	*swalwōn	*swalwōnō
Dative	*swalwōn	swalwōm, swalwum
Instrumental	*swalwōn	swalwōm, swalwum

Descendants

Old English: swealwe, swealewe
- Middle English: swalwe, swalewe, swalowe, swhalow, sualow, swalow, swalue, swolwe, swaluwe, swalew, swalugh
  - English: swallow
  - Scots: swalla, swallae
Old Frisian: swale
- North Frisian: swaal, swul, swol
- ⇒ Saterland Frisian: Swoalke, Swoolke
- West Frisian: swel
Old Saxon: swala
- Middle Low German: swale
  - Dutch Low Saxon: swaalfe
  - German Low German: Schwaale
Old Dutch: *swalwa, *swalawa
- Middle Dutch: swalwe, swalewe
  - Dutch: zwaluw, zwalf, zwavel, zwalver, zwalm
    - Afrikaans: swael
Old High German: swalawa
- Middle High German: swalwe
  - Alemannic German: Schwalme
    Swabian: Schwaba
  - Central Franconian: Schwalleb, Schwallef, Schmallef, Schmollef, Schmorbel, Schmärbel, Schmälwer, Schwalwer, Schwalfter, Schwarbel, Schwawel, Schwaal
    - Hunsrik: Schwalleb
    - Luxembourgish: Schmuewel, Schmuebel, Schmuelef
  - German: Schwalbe
    - → Dutch: schwalbe
    - → Silesian: šwalbkowate (compounded with native word)
  - Vilamovian: śwojmła

References

Ringe, Donald, Taylor, Ann (2014) The Development of Old English (A Linguistic History of English; 2), Oxford: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 185: “PWGmc *swalwā”

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[1] Ringe, Donald, Taylor, Ann (2014) The Development of Old English (A Linguistic History of English; 2), Oxford: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 185: “PWGmc *swalwā”