< Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic

Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/sulwijan

This Proto-West Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-West Germanic

Alternative forms

Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *sulwijaną, equivalent to *sulu (dirty) + *-jan.

Verb

*sulwijan

  1. to become dirty, be sullied
  2. to make dirty, soil

Inflection

Class 1 weak
Infinitive *sulwijan
1st sg. past *sulwidā
Infinitive *sulwijan
Genitive infin. *sulwijannjas
Dative infin. *sulwijannjē
Instrum. infin. *sulwijannju
Indicative Present Past
1st singular *sulwiju *sulwidā
2nd singular *sulwisi *sulwidēs, *sulwidōs
3rd singular *sulwiþi *sulwidē, *sulwidā
1st plural *sulwijum *sulwidum
2nd plural *sulwiþ *sulwidud
3rd plural *sulwijanþ *sulwidun
Subjunctive Present Past
1st singular *sulwijē *sulwidī
2nd singular *sulwijēs *sulwidī
3rd singular *sulwijē *sulwidī
1st plural *sulwijēm *sulwidīm
2nd plural *sulwijēþ *sulwidīd
3rd plural *sulwijēn *sulwidīn
Imperative Present
Singular *sulwi
Plural *sulwiþ
Present Past
Participle *sulwijandī *sulwid

Derived terms

Descendants

  • Old English: sylian, sulian, selian
    • Middle English: sulen, sulien
  • Old Frisian: *sulia
    • Old Frisian: sulinge, sulenge
  • Old Saxon: sulwian
    • Middle Low German: sȫlen
      • German Low German: sölen
      • Norwegian:
        Norwegian Bokmål: søle
        Norwegian Nynorsk: søle, søyle
      • Swedish: söla
      • Danish: søle
  • Old Dutch: *sulwen
    • Middle Dutch: soluwen (Middle Flemish)
      • West Flemish: seulewen
  • Old High German: *sulen, *sulwen, *sullen
    • Middle High German: sulen, sulwen, sülen, sülwen
  • Old French: souillier, soillier
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