Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/steupa-

This Proto-West Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-West Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *steupa-.

Prefix

*steupa-

step-

Reconstruction notes

Many descendants altered p to f under the influence of the f in words for "stepfather", which were then carried over to the other forms.

Derived terms

Proto-West Germanic terms prefixed with *steupa-

Descendants

Old English: stēop-, stēp-
- Middle English: steop-, step-, stappe-, ste-
  - English: step-
  - Scots: step-
Old Frisian: stiāp-
- Saterland Frisian: stäif- (possibly from Low German)
- West Frisian: styp-, styf-
Old Saxon: *stiop-
- Middle Low German: stiep-, stip-, stêf-, stîf-
  - German Low German: steev-, steef-
Old Dutch: *stiop-
- Middle Dutch: stiep-, stippe-, stief-
  - Dutch: stief-
Old High German: stiof-
- Middle High German: stief-
  - German: stief-

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