Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/skard

This Proto-West Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-West Germanic

Etymology 1

From Proto-Germanic *skardaz, from Proto-Indo-European *skerdʰ-.

Adjective

*skard

damaged, notched
wounded

Inflection

a-stem
Singular	Masculine
Nominative	*skard
Genitive	*skardas
Singular	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter
Nominative	*skard	*skardu	*skard
Accusative	*skardanā	*skardā	*skard
Genitive	*skardas	*skardeʀā	*skardas
Dative	*skardumē	*skardeʀē	*skardumē
Instrumental	*skardu	*skardeʀu	*skardu
Plural	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter
Nominative	*skardē	*skardō	*skardu
Accusative	*skardā	*skardā	*skardu
Genitive	*skardeʀō	*skardeʀō	*skardeʀō
Dative	skardēm, skardum	skardēm, skardum	skardēm, skardum
Instrumental	skardēm, skardum	skardēm, skardum	skardēm, skardum

Derived terms

*skardijan

Descendants

Old English: sċeard
- Middle English: scherd, scheard, scheord, scherde, schord, shard, sherd, sherde
  - English: shard, sherd
  - Scots: shaird
  - Yola: sheardhe, sheardh, shearde, sharde
Old Frisian: skerd, skerde
Old Saxon: skard
- Middle Low German: schart
Old High German: *skart
- Middle High German: schart, scharte
  - German: Scharte

Etymology 2

From Proto-Germanic *skardą, derivative of *skardaz.

Noun

*skard n

notch, nick
splinter, sliver

Inflection

Neuter a-stem
	Singular
Nominative	*skard
Genitive	*skardas
	Singular	Plural
Nominative	*skard	*skardu
Accusative	*skard	*skardu
Genitive	*skardas	*skardō
Dative	*skardē	*skardum
Instrumental	*skardu	*skardum

Descendants

Old English: sċeard
- Middle English: scherd, scheard, scheord, scherde, schord, shard, sherd, sherde
  - English: shard, sherd
  - Scots: shaird
  - Yola: sheardhe, sheardh, shearde, sharde
Old Frisian: skerd
- Saterland Frisian: Skeed
- West Frisian: schird, skurd
Old Saxon: *skard
- Middle Low German: schart
  - German Low German: Schaarde
Old Dutch: *skard
- Middle Dutch: scart, scaert, schaerde, scheerde
  - Dutch: schaarde
    - → West Frisian: skaart
Old High German: scart; *skarti
- Middle High German: scharte
  - German: Scharte
  - Luxembourgish: Schaart
→ Catalan: esquerda
→ Old French: escharde, escherde
- Middle French: eschardre
  - French: écharde
- → Old Italian: scarda
  - ⇒ Italian: scardare
- → Basque: eskarda

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