< Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic

Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/rafsijan

This Proto-West Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-West Germanic

Alternative reconstructions

  • *rafisijan, *rafisōn[1]
  • *rabsijan, *rabsōn

Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *rafsijaną.

Verb

*rafsijan[2]

  1. to reproach
  2. to blame

Inflection

Class 1 weak
Infinitive *rafsijan
1st sg. past *rafsidā
Infinitive *rafsijan
Genitive infin. *rafsijannjas
Dative infin. *rafsijannjē
Instrum. infin. *rafsijannju
Indicative Present Past
1st singular *rafsiju *rafsidā
2nd singular *rafsisi *rafsidēs, *rafsidōs
3rd singular *rafsiþi *rafsidē, *rafsidā
1st plural *rafsijum *rafsidum
2nd plural *rafsiþ *rafsidud
3rd plural *rafsijanþ *rafsidun
Subjunctive Present Past
1st singular *rafsijē *rafsidī
2nd singular *rafsijēs *rafsidī
3rd singular *rafsijē *rafsidī
1st plural *rafsijēm *rafsidīm
2nd plural *rafsijēþ *rafsidīd
3rd plural *rafsijēn *rafsidīn
Imperative Present
Singular *rafsi
Plural *rafsiþ
Present Past
Participle *rafsijandī *rafsid

Derived terms

  • *berafsijan
    • Old Frisian: birespa, *birepsa
      • West Frisian: berispje
    • Old Saxon: *biripsian
    • Old High German: birefsen
      • Middle High German: berefsen, berespen

Descendants

  • Old English: refsan, ræpsan, ræfsan, repsan
  • Old Frisian: *repsa, respa, *respja
    • West Frisian: rispje
  • Old Saxon: repsian, ripsōn
    • Middle Low German: *rispen
  • Old Dutch: respen, *repsen
  • Old High German: rafsjan, refsen, repsen, respen

References

  1. Orel, Vladimir (2003) “*rafisjanan ~ *rafisjōjanan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology, Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 294
  2. Ringe, Donald, Taylor, Ann (2014) The Development of Old English (A Linguistic History of English; 2), Oxford: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 237:PWGmc *rafsijan
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